Gender Stereotypes Among Childrens Toys Essay -- Stereotypes Toys Gen

Gender Stereotypes Among Children's Toys   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When you walk into the toy section of any store, you do not need a sign to indicate which section is the girls’ side and which section is the boys’ side. Aside from all the pink, purple, and other pastel colors that fill the shelves on the girls’ side, the glitter sticks out a lot as well. The boys’ toys however are mostly dark colors – blue, black, red, gray, or dark green. The colors typically used on either side are very stereotypical in themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I noticed the girls’ toys engaged fine motor skills more than the boys’ toys did. The girls have several different types and sizes of dolls to choose from – however, this also makes dolls or items used with dolls (Barbie clothes, doll clothes, doll houses, Barbie cars, and doll furniture) over half of all the products in the girls’ section. This shows the stereotypical attitude that all girls like to nurture and will someday be expected to be mothers and the primary care giver for their children. Other toys I noticed that were very stereotypical were the child size vacuum, broom, and kitchen set. Even at this young age we teach girls it is part of their role to cook and clean.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another stereotype I saw demonstrated in the girls section was the idea that all girls are animal lovers. A large section of the girls’ side was filled with different stuffed animals or other toy animals like â€Å"Pound Puppies† or â€Å"My Little Ponies†. Mostly the girls’ toys used fine motor sk...

Genetically modified (GM) foods Essay

What does a tomato, soybean, and McDonald’s French fry have in common? They are all some of the most commonly genetically modified foods sold on the market today. By using the genetic information from one organism, and inserting or modifying it into another organism, scientists can make food crops stay fresher, grow bigger, and have the crops create their own pesticides. Nevertheless, the technology to modify genes has surpassed its practicality. Genetically modified foods need to be removed from everyday agriculture because of the threat they pose to human health, the environment, and the impact on global economy. Genetically modified (GM) foods could produce new toxic substances, and/or allergens. A gene from the Brazil nut was inserted into the DNA of a soybean plant to increase the nutritional value of the soybean. However, this particular gene in the GM soybean also produced an allergen (a substance that causes allergic reactions in people). Fortunately, the plant was not put into production (McHughen 119). Another example is of a GM tomato called â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†. The tomato is larger, tastier, and stays fresher longer than commercial tomatoes on the market. Combining conventional tomato genes with the genes of an arctic trout produces the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†. Nevertheless, questions such as â€Å"Will people with sea food allergies be able to consume the tomato?† and â€Å"Will the trout genes in the tomato enable new bacteria growth, and thereby make the tomato hazardous to eat?† have still not been answered. This causes the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR† to be a potential hazard to human health (McHughen 14, 112). Since technology is new with regards to genetics, there is no real way of knowing whether genetically modified foods would take a negative impact on the body. An incident that occurred in 1989 concerning the nutritional supplement L- Tryptophan is one way of testing the long-term effects of a GM food (Background on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). The manufacturer had apparently altered its manufacturing process to speed up production, and had not realized the toxic side effects. However, it caused a potentially fatal illness called Eosinophilia Myolgia Syndrome in which 37 people died and 1500 more were permanently disabled (Background on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Therefore, it was taken off the market shortly after the reports of widespread illness among consumers of the supplement. Another two examples of diseases that have been created by GM crops are glufosinate (Hart 21), which causes birth defects in mammals, and glyphosate (Hart 88), which is now linked to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Therefore, it is evident that the general public is the guinea pig for GM food, and today’s drugs may not be able to combat the diseases that may arise from eating the food. Superbugs are created when genes transfer from one species to another, and if an antibiotic-resistant or pesticide-resistant gene were to transfer from an organism into a disease creating bacteria, then an antibiotic-resistant or pesticide-resistant bug would be created (Miller 83). This applies to bacteria and viruses that are symbiotically related. Gene modification is indirectly making life resistant to diseases, and these bacteria and viruses will adapt to the new form of life and create new disorders. Furthermore, GM crops may make the â€Å"normal† biological pest spray obsolete. This is because pests will soon develop resistance to the spray because of the widespread planting of GM crops. Nevertheless, superbug pesticides have not yet been manufactured, nor have superbug antibiotics been created (Miller 92). Consequently, the health risks for humans through superbug infections or by eating GM food is very serious, and the consequences that may come about have the potent ial to be life threatening. Genetic engineering of food crops has the potential to affect the biodiversity of a region in effectively two ways. First, wild populations of weed may be replaced by GM crop/weed, due to the GM crop spreading outside the crop field and interacting with natural weed and slowly becoming GM weed. Since GM crops are produced to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides, there is the possibility that they could invade wild grasslands and other places and prosper because of these special characteristics. If this happened, the native grasses would be unable to compete and biodiversity would be lost in these regions. Also, many genetically engineered crops contain anti-viral genes and there is the potential that these genes could combine to form new and dangerous strains of viruses, which could destroy specific crops. Although, to date, there is no direct evidence of these occurring naturally, the potential is clearly increasing (UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. What is happening to Agricultural Biodiversity?). The second way in which the biodiversity of a region is potentially affected is by the decreasing crop varieties that are being planted. This is a problem already existing in agriculture today, and results in a loss of genetic variety within crop cultures. Farmers being forced to use only patented seeds are an example of a potential decrease in biodiversity. If traditional seed varieties are used, farmers will be at a financial disadvantage due to better tasting, better looking crops produced by farmers using GM seeds. In the U.S., and some other countries, laws have been passed and are currently in effect stating that the use of non-patented seeds is prohibited. This will restrict the crops to a few species, leaving them more at risk to new pests that may form (UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. What are the underlying causes of the Losses of Agricultural Biodiversity?). The European community is by far the most anti-GM, so to speak, when it comes to the retail of GM food in their supermarkets (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, Consumer attitudes and decision-making with regard to genetically modified food products). Regulations are being imposed on the European Parliament, individual European nations, and some stores themselves have all imposed restrictions on GM foods. Manufacturers must label all foods that might have genetically altered ingredients. This includes food with genetically manufactured organisms, food with an intentionally modified molecular structure, and food that has been isolated for microorganisms, fungi, and algae. Furthermore, the genetically altered food must not mislead the consumer, present any danger to the consumer, or differ from the food that it is intended to replace so that the altered food is a nutritional disadvantage to the consumer (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, Development of meth ods to identify foods produced by means of genetic engineering). This legislation has now created trade barriers for food coming into Europe – some imported food is genetically modified and creates a risk to the people’s health and safety. Nevertheless, because some supermarkets in Europe have decided to be non-GM only, this has created a competitive disadvantage for the â€Å"half†-GM supermarkets. This response to consumer pressure is also having an effect on some companies or countries that cannot meet the legislative needs, and are obliged to lose markets and/or market shares (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, European network safety assessment of genetically modified food crops). If the world finally agrees to the consumption of GM food, European countries will be the last to â€Å"give-in† to the more lenient regulations. If one is to ask a North American if the product he or she is eating contains GM food, he or she will most likely show a blank stare. This is because regulation of GM food in North America is relatively relaxed when compared to Europe (Borger, second paragraph). Since the manufacturer is not required to label their products, the consumer is oblivious to buying GM food at the supermarket. Agriculture and technology are both being heavily invested in the United States. Profit is an important driving force for the developed world, and agricultural exports make up a large portion of exports from the United States (Borger, third paragraph). Since the demand for food is always increasing, the demand to produce more food at a faster rate requires the need for better biotechnology to be put into practice. And because of the lax laws in effect for the United States, and Canada, North Americans are â€Å"in the dark† with regards to what they are eating during their meals. North Americans are not educated about the risks of GM food, nor are they aware of where to find information regarding how much GM food is in their groceries (Borger, 12th paragraph). This poses a serious threat to the potential health of North Americans, as they are nothing but â€Å"lab rats† waiting for their first abnormal â€Å"twitch†. Human health can be seen as the greatest factor when considering the manufacturing of GM food. This is because of the few diseases and viruses that have been discovered which formed through the use of GM food. Also, the potential for new diseases and/or viruses through the use of GM food is increasing, and people are not aware of the risks. Antibiotics or pesticides have not yet been created to combat the superbug, and this is a concern for humans, as it will infect people, and crops altogether. There is a potential for the biodiversity to decrease because of gene transfers from one species to another, creating more powerful crops, which may take over the natural populations of weeds and grasslands. An additional way for the biodiversity to decrease is by farmers planting only a single variety of crop, thus wiping out the varied species needed to keep the diversity within crop fields. Europeans are the most aware of GM food, and are taking the necessary precautions and legislative actions to protect themselves against the use of GM food. However, North Americans are the least aware of GM food, and their government has not yet educated their citizens on the risks of GM food. There are too many risks involved in the use of GM food, and its removal from the agricultural and biotechnological industries will benefit human health, the environment, and global economy.

Report on Hdfc Bank

1 PROJECT FINAL REPORT ON BANKING BY JIGAR SONI AT Summer Internship Project 2 PROJECT TITLE A project report on COMPANY GUIDE FACULTY GUIDE ================ ============== Mr. Manish Panchal Prof. Pragna Kaul Branch Manager IBMR Ahmedabad Kapadwanj. Prepared by : Jigar J Soni Roll no. 5 , Div – A IBMR _Ahmedabad Year – 2008/09 3 Acknowledgements If words are considered to be signs of gratitude then let these words Convey the very same My sincere gratitude to HDFC BANK for roviding me with an opportunity to work with BANK and giving necessary directions on doing this project to the best of my abilities. I am highly indebted to Mr. Manish Panchal. , Branch Manager and company project guide, who has provided me with the necessary information and also for the support extended out to me in the completion of this report and his valuable suggestion and comments on bringing out this report in the best way possible. I also thank Prof. Pragna Kaul, IBMR_Ahmedabad, who has sincer ely supported me with the valuable insights into the completion of this project. I am grateful to all faculty members of IBMR_Ahmedabad and my 4 friends who have helped me in the successful completion of this project. 5 CONTENTS Sr. No. Subject Covered Page No. 1 Banking Structure in India 6-7 2 Indian Banking Industries 8-9 3 Upcoming Foreign Bank in India 10 4 HDFC BANK 11-12 5 Company Profile 13-15 6 Technology used 16-19 7 Product and Customer segments 20-23 8 Business Strategy 24-25 9 Inside Hdfc Bank 26-31 10 Rupee Earned – Rupee Spent 32-33 11 Recent Development 34-41 12 SWOT Analysis 42-48 13 Project on Plastic Money 49-55 6 BANKING STRUCTURE IN INDIA Scheduled Banks in India (A) Scheduled Commercial Banks Public sector Banks Private sector Banks Foreign Banks in India Regional Rural Bank (28) (27) (29) (102) †¢Nationalized Bank †¢Other Public Sector Banks (IDBI) †¢SBI and its Associates †¢Old Private Banks †¢New Private Banks (B) Scheduled Cooperative Banks Scheduled Urban Cooperative Banks (55) Scheduled State Cooperative Banks (31) 7 Here we more concerned about private sector banks and competition among them. Today, there are 27 private sector banks in the banking sector: 19 old private sector banks and 8 new private sector banks. These new banks have brought in state-of-the-art technology and Aggressively marketed their products. The Public sector banks are Facing a stiff competition from the new private sector banks. The banks which have been setup in the 1990s under the guidelines of the Narasimham Committee are referred to as NEW PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS. New Private Sector Banks †¢Superior Financial Services †¢Designed Innovative Products †¢Tapped new markets †¢Accessed Low cost NRI funds †¢Greater efficiency 8 INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRIES The Indian banking market is growing at an astonishing rate, with Assets expected to reach US$1 trillion by 2010. An expanding economy, middle class, and technological innovations are all ontributing to this growth. The country’s middle class accounts for over 320 million people. In correlation with the growth of the economy, rising income levels, increased standard of living, and affordability of banking products are promising factors for continued expansion. 9 The Indian banking Industry is in the middle of an IT revolution, Focusing on the ex pansion of retail and rural banking. Players are becoming increasingly customer – centric in their approach, which has resulted in innovative methods of offering new banking products and services. Banks are now realizing the mportance of being a big player and are beginning to focus their attention on mergers and acquisitions to take advantage of economies of scale and/or comply with Basel II regulation. â€Å"Indian banking industry assets are expected to reach US$1 trillion by 2010 and are poised to receive a greater infusion of foreign capital,† says Prathima Rajan, analyst in Celent's banking group and author of the report. â€Å"The banking industry should focus on having a small number of large players that can compete globally rather than having a large number of fragmented players. UPCOMING FOREIGN BANKS IN INDIA By 2009 few more names is going to be added in the list of foreign banks in India. This is as an aftermath of the sudden interest shown 10 by Reserve Bank of India paving roadmap for foreign banks in India greater freedom in India. Among them is the world's best private bank by EuroMoney magazine, Switzerland's UBS. The following are the list of foreign banks going to set up business in India :- †¢Royal Bank of Scotland †¢ †¢Switzerland's UBS †¢ †¢US-based GE Capital †¢ †¢Credit Suisse Group †¢ †¢Industrial and Commercial Bank of China WE UNDERSTAND YOUR WORLD The Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited (HDFC) was amongst the first to receive an ‘in principle' approval from the 11 Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to set up a bank in the private sector, as part of the RBI's liberalization of the Indian Banking Industry in 1994. The bank was incorporated in August 1994 in the name of ‘HDFC Bank Limited', with its registered office in Mumbai, India. HDFC Bank commenced operations as a Scheduled Commercial Bank in January 1995. HDFC is India's premier housing finance company and enjoys an impeccable track record in India as well as in international markets. Since its inception in 1977, the Corporation has maintained a consistent and healthy growth in its operations to remain the market leader in mortgages. Its outstanding loan portfolio covers well over a million dwelling units. HDFC has developed significant expertise in retail mortgage loans to different market segments and also has a large corporate client base for its housing related credit facilities. With its experience in the financial markets, a strong market reputation, large shareholder base and unique consumer franchise, HDFC was ideally positioned to promote a bank in the Indian nvironment. HDFC Bank began operations in 1995 with a simple mission : to be a 12 â€Å" World Class Indian Bank. † We realized that only a single minded focus on product quality and service excellence would help us get there. Today, we are proud to say that we are well on our way towards that goal. COMPANY PROFILE STRONG NATIONAL NETWORK 13 HDFC BANK As of March 31, 2008, the Bank’s di stribution network was at 761 Branches and 1977 ATMs in 327 cities as against 684 branches March 2006 March 2007 March 2008 Citied 228 316 327 Branches 535 684 761 ATMs 1323 1605 1977 14 nd 1,605 ATMs in 320 cities as of March 31, 2007. Against the regulatory approvals for new branches in hand, the Bank expects to further expand the branch network by around 150 branches by June 30, 2008. During the year, the Bank stepped up retail customer acquisition with deposit accounts increasing from 6. 2 million to 8. 7 million and total cards issued (debit and credit cards) increasing from 7 million to 9. 2 million. Whilst credit growth in the banking system slowed down to about 22% for the year ended 2007-08, the Bank’s net advances grew by 35. 1% with retail advances growing by 38. % and wholesale advances growing by 30%, implying a higher market share in both segments. The transactional banking business also registered healthy growth With cash management volumes increased by around 80% and trade services volumes by around 40% over the previous year. Portfolio quality as of March 31, 2008 remained healthy with gross nonperforming assets at 1. 3% and net non-performing assets at 15 0. 4% of total customer assets. The Bank’s provisioning policies for specific loan loss provisions remained higher than regulatory requirements. TECHNOLOGY USED IN HDFC BANK In the era of globalization each and every sector faced the stiff competition from their rivals. And world also converted into the flat from the globe. After the policy of liberalization and RBI initiatives to take the step for the private sector banks, more and more changes 16 are taking the part into it. And there are create competition between the private sector banks and public sector bank. Private sector banks are today used the latest technology for the different transaction of day to day banking life. As we know that Information Technology plays the vital role in the each and every ndustries and gives the optimum return from the limited resources. Banks are service industries and today IT gives the innovative Technology application to Banking industries. HDFC BANK is the leader in the industries and today IT and HDFC BANK together combined they reached the sky. New technology changed the mind of the customers and changed the queue concept from the history banking transaction. Today there are different channels are available for the banking transactions. We can see that the how technology gives the best results in the below diagram. There are drastically changes seen in the use of Internet banking, in a year 2001 (2%) and in the year 2008 ( 25%). These type of technology gives the freedom to retail customers. 17 Centralized Processing Units Derived Economies of Scale Electronic Straight Through Processing Reduced Transaction Cost Data Warehousing , CRM Improve cost efficiency, Cross sell Innovative Technology Application Provide new or superior products HDFC BANK is the very consistent player in the New private sector banks. New private sector banks to withstand the competition from public sector banks came up with innovative products and superior service. 2001 18 Branches 43% ATM 40% Phone Banking 14% Internet 2% Mobile 1% 2005 Branches 17% ATM 45% Phone Banking 12% Internet 25% Mobile 1% ( % customer initiated Transaction by Channel ) 19 HDFC BANK PRODUCT AND CUSTOMER SEGMENTS PERSONAL BANKING Loan Product Deposit Product Investment & Insurance †¢Auto Loan †¢Loan Against Security †¢Loan Against Property †¢Personal loan †¢Credit card †¢2-wheeler loan †¢Commercial vehicles finance †¢Home loans †¢Retail business banking †¢Tractor loan †¢Working Capital Finance †¢Construction Equipment Finance †¢Health Care Finance †¢Education Loan †¢Gold Loan †¢Saving a/c †¢Current a/c †¢Fixed deposit †¢Demat a/c †¢Safe Deposit Lockers †¢Mutual Fund †¢Bonds †¢Knowledge Centre †¢Insurance †¢General and Health Insurance †¢Equity and Derivatives †¢Mudra Gold Bar 20 Cards Payment Services Access To Bank †¢Credit Card †¢Debit Card †¢Prepaid Card —————————- —- Forex Services —————————- —- †¢Product & Services †¢Trade Services †¢Forex service Branch Locater †¢RBI Guidelines †¢NetSafe †¢Merchant †¢Prepaid Refill †¢Billpay †¢Visa Billpay †¢InstaPay †¢DirectPay †¢VisaMoney Transfer †¢e–Monies Electronic Funds Transfer †¢Online Payment of Direct Tax †¢NetBanking †¢OneView †¢InstaAlert MobileBanking †¢ATM †¢Phone Banking †¢Email Statements Branch Network 21 WHOLESALE BANKING Corporate Small and Medium Enterprises Financial Inst itutions and Trusts †¢Funded Services †¢Non Funded Services †¢Value Added Services †¢Internet Banking †¢Funded Services †¢Non Funded Services †¢Specialized Services †¢Value added services †¢Internet Banking BANKS †¢Clearing Sub- Membership †¢RTGS – submembership †¢Fund Transfer †¢ATM Tie-ups †¢Corporate Salary a/c †¢Tax Collection Financial Institutions Mutual Funds Stock Brokers Insurance Companies Commodities Business Trusts BUSINESS MIX 22 Total Deposits Gross Advances Net Revenue Retail Wholesale †¢HDFC Bank is a consistent player in the private sector bank and have a well balanced product and business mix in the Indian as well as overseas markets. †¢Customer segments (retail & wholesale) account for 84% of Net revenues ( FY 2008) †¢Higher retail revenues partly offset by higher operating and credit costs. †¢Equally well positioned to grow both segments. . 23 NRI SERVICES Accounts & Deposits Remittances †¢Rupee Saving a/c †¢Rupee Current a/c †¢Rupee Fixed Deposits †¢Foreign Currency Deposits †¢Accounts for Returning Indians †¢North America †¢UK †¢Europe †¢South East Asia †¢Middle East †¢Africa †¢Others Quick remit IndiaLink Cheque LockBox Telegraphic/ Wire Transfer Funds Transfer Cheques/DDs/TCs Investment & Insurances Loans †¢Mutual Funds †¢Insurance †¢Private Banking †¢Portfolio Investment Scheme †¢Home Loans †¢Loans Against Securities †¢Loans Against Deposits †¢Gold Credit Card Payment Services Access To Bank †¢NetSafe †¢BillPay †¢InstaPay †¢DirectPay †¢Visa Money †¢Online Donation †¢NetBanking †¢OneView †¢InstaAlert †¢ATM †¢PhoneBanking †¢Email Statements †¢Branch Network 24 BUSINESS STRETEGY HDFC BANK mission is to be â€Å"a World Class Indian Bank†, benchmarking themselves against international standards and best ractices in terms of product offerings, technology, service levels, risk management and audit & compliance. The objective is to build sound customer franchises across distinct businesses so as to be a preferred provider of banking services for target retai l and wholesale customer segments, and to achieve a healthy growth in profitability, consistent with the Bank's risk appetite. Bank is committed to do this while ensuring the highest levels of ethical standards, professional integrity, corporate governance and regulatory compliance. Continue to develop new product and technology is the main business strategy f the bank. Maintain good relation with the customers is the main and prime objective of the bank. HDFC BANK business strategy emphasizes the following : 25 †¢Increase market share in India’s expanding banking and financial services industry by following a disciplined growth strategy focusing on quality and not on quantity and delivering high quality customer service. †¢Leverage our technology platform and open scaleable systems to deliver more products to more customers and to control operating costs. †¢Maintain current high standards for asset quality through disciplined credit risk management. Develop in novative products and services that attract the targeted customers and address inefficiencies in the Indian financial sector. †¢Continue to develop products and services that reduce bank’s cost of funds. †¢Focus on high earnings growth with low volatility. 26 INSIDE HDFC BANK FIVE â€Å"S† , PART OF KAIZEN WORK PLACE TRANSFORMATION Focus on effective work place organization Believe in â€Å" Small changes lead to large improvement † Every successful organization have their own strategy to win the race in the competitive market. They use some technique and methodology for smooth running of business. HDFC BANK also aquired the Japanese technique for smooth running of work and effective work place organization. Five ‘S’ Part of Kaizen is the technique which is used in the bank For easy and systematic work place and eliminating unnecessary things from the work place. BENEFIT OF FIVE â€Å"S† 27 †¢It can be started immediately. †¢Every one has to participate. †¢Five â€Å" S† is an entirely people driven initiatives. †¢Brings in concept of ownership. †¢All wastage are made visible. FIVE ‘S’ Means :- S-1 SORT SEIRI S-2 SYSTEMATIZE SEITON S-3 SPIC-N-SPAN SEIRO S-4 STANDARDIZE SEIKETSU S-5 SUSTAIN SHITSUKE (1) SORT :- It focus on eliminating unnecessary items from the work place. It is excellent way to free up valuable floor space. It segregate items as per â€Å"require and wanted†. (2) SYSTEMATIZE :- Systematize is focus on efficient and effective Storage method. Frequently Requir ed Less Frequently Requir ed Remove everything from workplace Junk Wanted but not Required Junk 28 That means it identify, organize and arrange retrieval. It largely focus on good labeling and identification practices. Objective :- â€Å"A place for everything and everything in its place†. (3) SPIC- n – SPAN :- Spic-n-Span focuses on regular clearing and self nspection. It brings in the sense of ownership. (4) STANDERDIZE :- It focus on simplification and standardization. It involve standard rules and policies. It establish checklist to facilitates autonomous maintenance of workplace. It assign responsibility for doing various jobs and decide on Five S frequency. (5) SUSTAIN:- It focuses on definin g a new status and standard of organized work place. Sustain means regular training to maintain standards developed under S-4. It brings in self- discipline and commitment towards workplace organization. 29 LABELLING ON FILE FILE NUMBER SUBJECT FROM DATE TO DATE OWNER BOX LABEL For Example 1 / 3 / A / 6 1 – Work Station (1) 3 – Drawer (3) A – Shelf (A) 6 – File Number ( 6) 30 COLOUR CODING OF FILES DEPARTMENT Welcome Desk Personal Banker Teller Relationship Manager Branch Manager Demat Others In the HDFC BANK each department has their different color coding apply on the different file. Due to this everyone aware about their particular color file which is coding on it and they save their valuable time. It is a part of Kaizen and also included in the system of the Five ‘S’. Logic behind it that , the color coding are always differentiate the things from the similar one. 31 HUMAN RESOURCES The Bank’s staffing needs continued to increase during the year particularly in the retail banking businesses in line with the business growth. Total number of employees increased from 14878 as of March31,2006 to 21477 as of March 31, 2007. The Bank continues to focus on training its employees on a continuing basis, both on the job and through training programs conducted by internal and external faculty. The Bank has consistently believed that broader employee ownership of its shares has a positive impact on its performance and employee motivation. The Bank’s employee stock option scheme so far covers round 9000 employees. 32 RUPEE EARNED – RUPEE SPENT It is more important for every organization to know about from where and where to spent money. And balanced between these two things rupee earned and rupee spent are required for smooth running of business and financial soundness. This type of watch can control and eliminate the unnecessary spending of business. In this diagram it include both things from where Bank earned Rupee and where to spent. 33 HDFC BANK earned from the ‘Interest from Advances’ 51. 14 % , ‘Interest from Investment’ 27. 12 %, bank earned commission exchange and brokerage of 15. 25 %. These are the major earning sources of the bank. Bank also earned from the Forex and Derivatives and some other Interest Income. Bank spent 39. 75 % on Interest Expense, 30. 27 % on Operating Expense and 14. 58 % on Provision. Bank also spent Dividend and Tax on dividend, Loss on Investment , Tax. As we discuss above that balancing is must between these two for every organization especially in the era of globalization where there are stiff competition among various market players. RECENT DEVELOPMENT 34 The Reserve Bank of India has approved the scheme of amalgamation of Centurion Bank of Punjab Ltd. ith HDFC Bank Ltd. with effect from May 23, 2008. All the branches of Centurion Bank of Punjab will function as branches of HDFC Bank with effect from May 23, 2008. With RBI’s approval, all requisite statutory and regulatory approvals for the merger have been obtained. 35 The combined entity would have a nationwide network of 1167 branches; a strong deposit base of around Rs. 1,22, 000 crores and net advances of around Rs. 89,000 crores. The balance sheet size of the combined entity would be over Rs. 1,63,000 crores. Merger with Centurion Bank of Punjab Limited On March 27, 2008, the shareholders of the Bank accorded their consent to a scheme of amalgamation of Centurion Bank of Punjab Limited with HDFC Bank Limited. The shareholders of the Bank approved the issuance of one equity share of Rs. 10/- each of HDFC Bank Limited for every 29 equity shares of Re. 1/- each held in Centurion Bank of Punjab Limited. This is subject to receipt of Approvals from the Reserve Bank of India, stock exchanges and Other requisite statutory and regulatory authorities. The shareholders Also accorded their consent to issue equity shares and/or warrants onvertible into equity shares at the rate of Rs. 1,530. 13 each to HDFC Limited and/or other promoter group companies on preferential basis, subject to final regulatory approvals in this regard. The Shareholders of the Bank have also approved an increase in the authorized capital from Rs. 450 crores to Rs. 550 crores. 36 Promoted in 1995 by Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC), India's leading housing finance company, HDFC Bank is one of India's premier banks providing a wide range of financial products and services to its over 11 million customers across hundreds of Indian cities using multiple distribution channels including a pan-India network of branches, ATMs, phone banking, net banking and mobile banking. Within a relatively short span of time, the bank has emerged as a leading player in retail banking, wholesale banking, and treasury operations, its three principal business segments. The bank's competitive strength clearly lies in the use of technology and the ability to deliver world-class service with rapid response time. Over the last 13 years, the bank has successfully gained market share in its target customer franchises while maintaining healthy rofitability and asset quality. 37 As on March 31, 2008, the Bank had a network of 761 branches and 1,977 ATMs in 327 cities. For the year ended March 31, 2008, the Bank reported a net profit of INR 15. 90 billion (Rs. 1590. 2crore), up 39. 3%, over the corresponding year ended March 31, 2007. As of March 31, 2008 total deposits were INR 1007. 69 billion, (Rs. 100,769 crore) up 47. 5% over th e corresponding year ended March 31, 2007. Total balance sheet size too grew by 46. 0% to INR 1,331. 77 billion (133177 crore). Leading Indian and international Publications have recognized the bank for its performance and quality. Centurion Bank of Punjab is one of the leading new generation private sector banks in India. The bank serves individual consumers, small and medium businesses and large corporations with a full range of financial products and services for investing, lending and 38 advice on financial planning. The bank offers its customers an array of wealth management products such as mutual funds, life and general insurance and has established a leadership ‘position'. The bank is also a strong player in foreign exchange services, ersonal loans, mortgages and agricultural loans. Additionally the bank offers a full suite of NRI banking products to Overseas Indians. On 29th August 2007, Centurion Bank of Punjab merged with Lord Krishna Bank (LKB), post obtaining all requisite statutory and regulatory approvals. This merger has further strengthened the geographical reach of the Bank in major towns and cities across the country , especially in the State of Kerala, in addition to its existing dominance in the northern part of the country. Centurion Bank of Punjab now operates on a strong nationwide ranchise of 404 branches and 452 ATMs in 190 locations across the country, supported by employee base of over 7,500 employees. In addition to being listed on the major Indian stock exchanges, the Bank’s shares are also listed on the Luxembourg Stock 39 Exchange. ACHIEVEMENT IN 2007 Business Today- Monitor Group survey One of India's â€Å"Most Innovative Companies† Financial Express- Ernst & Young Award Best Bank Award in the Private Sector category 40 Global HR Excellence Awards – Asia Pacific HRM Congress: ‘Employer Brand of the Year 2007 -2008' Award – First Runner up, & many more Business Today ‘Best Bank' Award Dun & Bradstreet – American Express Corporate Best Bank Award 2007 ‘Corporate Best Bank' Award The Bombay Stock Exchange and Nasscom Foundation's Business for Social Responsibility Awards 2007 ‘ Best Corporate Social Responsibility Practice' Award Outlook Money & NDTV Profit Best Bank Award in the Private sector category. The Asian Banker Excellence in Retail Financial Services Awards Best Retail Bank in India Asian Banker HDFC BANK Managing Director Aditya Puri wins the Leadership Achievement Award for India 41 SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH †¢Right strategy for the right products. †¢Superior customer service vs. competitors. WEAKNESSES †¢Some gaps in range for certain sectors. †¢Customer service staff need training. 42 †¢Great Brand Image †¢Products have required accreditations. †¢High degree of customer satisfaction. †¢Good place to work †¢Lower response time with efficient and effective service. †¢Dedicated workforce aiming at making a long-term career in the field. †¢Processes and systems, etc †¢Management cover insufficient. †¢Sectoral growth is constrained by low unemployment levels and competition for staff 3 Opportunities †¢Profit margins will be good. †¢Could extend to overseas broadly. †¢New specialist applications. †¢Could seek better customer deals. †¢Fast-track career development opportunities on an industry-wide basis. †¢An applied research centre to create opportunities for developing techniques to provi de added-value services. Threats †¢Legislation could impact. †¢Great risk involved †¢Very high competition prevailing in the industry. †¢Vulnerable to reactive attack by major competitors †¢Lack of infrastructure in rural areas could constrain investment. †¢High volume/low cost market is intensely ompetitive. 44 COMPETITIVE SWOT ANALYSIS WITH ICICI BANK STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES O P P O R T U N I T I E S S – O Strategies Strength: Large Capital base. Opportunity: Market Expansion. Strategy: Deep Penetration into Rural Market. W – O Strategies Weakness: Workforce Responsiveness. Opportunity: Outsourcing of Non – Core Business. Strategy: Outsource Customer Care & other E-Helps. T H R E A T S S – T Strategies Strength: Low operating costs Threat: Increased Competition from others Pvt. Banks. Strategy: Steps to Ensure Loyalty by old Customers. W – T Strategies Weakness: Not Equal to International Standards. Threat: Entry of many Foreign Banks. Strategy: Consider additional benefits 45 Detailed Analysis: i. Strength – Opportunity Analysis. Strength: It is well know that ICICI Bank has the largest Authorised Capital Base in the Banking System in India i. e. having a total capacity to raise Rs. 19,000,000,000 (Non – Premium Value). Opportunity: Seeing the present financial & economic development of Indian Economy and also the tremendous growth of the Indian Companies including the acquisition spree followed by them, it clearly states the expanding market for finance requirements nd also the growth in surplus disposal income of Indian citizens has given a huge rise in savings deposits – from the above point it is clear that there is a huge market expansion possible in banking sector in India. Strategy: From the analysis of Strength & Opportunity the simple and 46 straight possible strategy for ICICI Bank could be – to penetrate into the rural sector of India for expanding its market share as well as leading all other Pvt. Banks from a great gap. ii. Strength – Threat Analysis. Strength: ICICI Bank is not only known for large capital but also for having a ow operations cost though having huge number of branches and services provided. Threat: After showing a significant growth overall, India is able to attract many international financial & banking institutes, which are known for their state of art working and keeping low operation costs. Strategy: To ensure that ICICI Bank keeps going on with low operation cost & have continuous business it should simply promote itself well & provide quality service so as to ensure customer loyalty, therefore guaranteeing continuous business. 47 iii. Weakness – Opportunity Analysis. Weakness: It is well known that workforce responsiveness in banking sector is Very low in Indian banking sector, though ICICI Bank has better responsible staff but it still lacks behind its counterparts like HSBC, HDFC BANK, CITI BANK, YES BANK etc. Opportunity: In the present world, India is preferred one of the best places for out – sourcing of business process works and many more. Strategy: As international companies are reaping huge benefits after out- sourcing there customer care & BPO’s, this same strategy should be implemented by ICICI Bank so as to have proper customer ervice without hindering customer expectations. 48 iv. Weakness – Threat Analysis. Weakness: Though having a international presence, ICICI Bank has not been able to keep up the international standards in providing customer service as well as banking works. Threat: In recent times, India has witnessed entry of many international banks like CITI Bank, YES Bank etc which posses an external entrant threa t to ICICI Bank – as this Banks are known for their art of working and maintain high standards of customer service. Strategy: After having new entrants threat, ICICI Bank should come up with More additional benefits to its customer or may be even reduce some fees for any additional works of customers. 49 PROJECT ON PLASTIC MONEY PLASTIC MONEY PLASTIC MONEY I give the project on Plastic Money to bank. The objective behind this project is to increase the rich customers list in a bank. Plastic Money title itself says the use of Credit Card and Debit Card in day to day transaction of the business. I prepared the presentation on it and 50 submitted to bank and Bank already started work on this project. Idea behind this project is to sale the bulk product. Target customer Of this project are two parties one is Wholesaler and second is Retailer. Due to this idea bank also sell their swipe machine to wholesaler and create brand image in the market. The idea behind this, bank give the credit card swipe machine to wholesalers and retailers use the credit card of the bank. Bank gives the 50 days credit to their credit card holders. So here retailers can get benefit of long credit period and on the other side wholesalers can get the benefit of same day payment. As a result bank got the wide list of customers of wholesalers and retailers.

How Aerial Travel and Cabin Pressure Adversely Affects the Human Body Essay

The idea of humans traveling to the Moon or other areas out side of the Earth’s orbit is mostly scientific. However, when astronauts remain in space, having to re-balance the body to suit less or no gravity compared to the Earth could bring about many changes to the body. Scientists have found that the time required for recovery depends on the time spent in zero-gravity conditions. The longer one stays off of the Earth’s surface, the more damage can be caused. Strictly speaking, even a trip in an Airplane would require safety precautions to minimize damage to the body of this. For example, cabin pressure increased to maintain balance and prevent feeling different to a lower pressure. This essay will consist of two sections. The first will be of flight effects within the Earth’s hemisphere, and how to perhaps prevent damage to the body. The second, and longer section deals with space travel through Zero-gravity and effects of weightlessness on the body and the cou nter-measures to prevent damage to the body. Section 1, flight effects on the passengers, specifically dealing with cabin pressure: Airplanes fly at the cruising altitude of around 33’000 feet, or approximately 10’000 meters. Because the cruising altitude has a cabin pressure lower than air pressure on ground or even under sea-level, the oxygen availability is less and gases within the body expand. This causes the oxygen saturation level of the blood to reduce, which can lead to mild hypoxia, the reduced supply of oxygen to the tissues around the body. Due to the effects of hypoxia, alcohol consumption would affect the brain much more than it would on Earth. As the aircraft makes its decent back to Earth, air must be allowed to flow into the middle of the ear to equalize pressure differences. Passengers often can feel this change in air pressure. People with ear, nose and sinus infections are usually advised to avoid flying because of these changes in air pressure. Air travel in airplanes has less thank 20% humidity. This causes discomfort to the eyes, mouth and nose but does not risk the passenger’s health. This discomfort can be prevented by drinking liquids (water recommended) before and during the flight, and using skin moisturizers. Also passengers with short-sightedness or long-sightedness are advised to wear eye-glasses rather than contact lenses during flight as the contact lenses may dry out. In order to avoid de-hydration, passengers should drink non- alcoholic beverages. Section 2, how traveling through space affects humans Astronauts often experience â€Å"Zero- Gravity† during their travels through space. This zero gravity or micro gravity can bring about health concern to the body if astronauts remain in space for a long period of time. It would be much healthier for crews to live under artificial gravity. In order to prevent any biological changes in the body when experiencing zero gravity, scientists recommend a force of artificial gravity equal to a third of the Earth’s level of gravity. However, scientists still haven’t research affects of artificial gravity on humans but they know for a fact and there is an imbalance in the body due to the shifts of gravity levels. Artificial gravity prevents physiological changes from occurring. In zero-gravity, the body deteriorates. It takes less muscle to move around, so after a long period of time in space, muscles weaken so the body bends. Because there is no tension in space, muscles relax and after a while they atrophy as a result of disuse and eventually disappear. To prevent the fracture of bones, limbs and muscles, all space shuttles give the opportunity for astronauts to do rigorous exercise everyday to keep the muscles strong. Staying in Zero-gravity for months causes bones to lose mass and get thinner, as they are not carrying any weight. This means astronauts must go through rigorous trainings in the spacecraft everyday in order to keep muscle and bone strength. â€Å"When a great deal of the crew’s precious time in space is spent exercising rather than doing science, money and potential knowledge are being squandered for the sake of health. It is a sacrifice, but a necessary one1† In space, receptors in the inner ear allow humans to sense direction. In space, ear receptors don’t receive the same cues and the mind gets used to ignoring the inner ear’s feelings about balance. Hand-eye coordination, posture and balance are all affected by the disorientation of the mind. When astronauts return to earth, they are often â€Å"overwhelmed by dizziness† and have difficulty in maintaining balance. An example of the mind adapting to the new gravity less surroundings would be with Shannon Lucid, who was on board the Russian space Station MIR for six months. The astronaut said â€Å"You just sort of get used to floating around† but we also know that floating around is not all that astronauts do- they must resist the effects of micro gravity on the body. Also, no gravity means no resistance from growing, so some astronauts return to earth some 6 inches taller than when they left. It is only after a few months that they grow down/ shrink back to normal height. This is because of the unloading of spinal discs- because of lack of gravity, the discs in the spine are not holding up or don anything, so they tend to stretch rather than contract. Traveling through micro gravity causes bodily fluids to shift from the lower body to the cephalic area (head), and so people’s faces tend to swell and become rounder than they are on earth. When the brain senses a higher amount of blood than usual, it interprets the situation that there is now an overall increase in the total volume of fluids in the body. The brain responds by triggering the excretion of fluids, making astronauts prone to dehydration. Also, the fluid redistribution can shrink legs as the bones are weaker. These fluids pass through the kidneys, causing kidney filtration rate to increase, bone loss can cause Kidney stones. Fluids that leave the body include calcium loss and bone demineralization. The loss of blood plasma causes temporary Anemia upon the return to Earth. Some crew members get â€Å"space anemia.† Scientists are concerned about the affects of catching this disease on over all crew performance. Blood volume may decrease by 10 percent. The increase of fluids in the head causes the same feeling as when one has a cold and feels blocked in. in space astronauts begin to lose their sense of taste, causing the craving for strong flavorings in the food such as horseradish, mustard and taco sauce. Fluid loss, lack of exercise and diminished appetite cause weight loss as astronauts tend not to eat as much as they would on earth. Meals and exercise are planned to prevent excessive loss. Zero-gravity affects the cardio-vascular system. On earth we must cope with gravity, which sustains or slows down the blood-flow. In zero gravity, there is no gravity force, causing the heart to slow down due to the decreased demands of blood as it travels more freely. The immune system in the body is also affected by weightlessness. In space, one is exposed to illness as the immune response lowers and numbers of anti-bodies decrease after a long exposure to micro gravity. Approximately half of all astronauts are affected by this unpleasant syndrome which affects nausea, headache, lethargy and sweating (taken from NASA sources). Also, minor effects of weightlessness on the body include puffiness in the face, flatulence, weight loss, nasal congestion and often sleeping disturbances. Upon returning to earth, recovery time depends on the duration of stay in space. Muscles are weak and the body is not used to gravity forces, (causing them to feel dizzy) and so some astronauts are taken back in stretchers. This shows why astronauts need to be â€Å"at the peak of fitness.† If in the near future the human race would build space stations as tourist resorts, some would prefer hotels with zero-gravity and some would want partial gravity, which would bring about competition like hotels on earth, which would drive prices low. As gravity affects all biological, physical and chemical processes on earth, building an International Space Station gives new opportunity to study a world without gravity and its affect on animals and other living organisms. Observing the weightlessness effect on these living organisms could teach scientists about biological processes on earth, such as aging and osteoporosis. In the end, we can see that human travel through space is safer under artificial gravity when compared to astronauts being exposed to weightlessness, micro gravity or zero gravity (all three mean the same). Most of the problems mentioned such as fluid loss and muscle deterioration would not cause problems as long as the crew remained in a weightless environment. Remaining in a zero-gravity environment for over a long period of time could cause problems, however. In 1987, in the later stages of his 326-day mission, Russian Yuri Romanenko was fatigued both physically and mentally due to traveling through space. The majority of his day was spent sleeping regaining strength, in the meantime his bones were deteriorating. Some say if many like Romanenko stayed in space for much longer, he may not have survived re-entry to the Earth. Returning to Earth could cause problems as the body is much weaker due to demineralization and atrophy of the bones and shortage of red blood cells. Oneâ€℠¢s balance must now again be readjusted causing many astronauts to feel dizzy when back to a strong â€Å"g† force gravity on earth. Whether or not the large amount of time and money spent on keeping astronauts fit during space flight is worth the scientific findings is debatable. Physiological effects need to be prevented as much a possible. Again, this is usually prevented by rigorous exercise and micro gravity could still be a danger to the astronaut’s health. Many scientists believe that the benefits of transporting/sending out machines (robots) and humans to space, despite the health issues, are nothing compared to the huge benefit that society will receive. Humans will not be perfectly suited to living in a weightless environment, but that won’t stop Astrobiologists and many other research firms like NASA from exploring space. The many benefits of space exploration such as technological knowledge and inspiration easily outweigh the negative aspects. Bibliography: Sources were from Newspapers, CDs, web sites and a large extract of a book in one of the web-pages. Most web sites accessed on the 11th December 2003 and 9th January 2004. 1) http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=adapt02 2) www.permanent.com/s-nograv.htm 3) http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php%3fpage=adapt02 4) www.spacefuture.com/habitat/zerog.shtml 5) http://mos.org/cst/article/77/6.html 6) http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/spacestation/basics/why.html 7) www.relaxincomfort.com/zerogravity_benefits.html 8) http://experts.about.com/q/2540/2677459.htm 9) www.uclas.ac.uk/facs/science/physastr/courses/space/ssyear1/sc1201.htm 10) http://www.who.int/ith/chapter02_01.html 11) Definitions from Microsoft Encarta 2003 Premium Suite CD 12) http://library.thinkquest.org/2606/Environmental_problems/water_pollution_-_effects.html (used for first idea of project) 1 http://library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php%3fpage=adapt02

The Great Gatsby Final

In the novel The Great Gatsby, each heartache has very distinctive characteristics; all has life goals and dreams, and played an irreplaceable role in the novel. At first glance, the protagonists and antagonists are clear to see. One would place Jay Gatsby as the good guy, the one who has American dream, and who is a hopeless romantic who believes in everlasting love. For Daisy and Tom, they are definitely the antagonists, the bad ones, the one who tore Gatsby dreams and hopes apart.Nick on the other hand, has a great transformation throughout the novel; being the narrator of the novel, he seemed to have a fairly good view n himself while he's narrating the story'. Nevertheless, as the novel progress, there are parts and bits that could reveal how he may not be who he claimed to be. This paper would focus on the two characters, Nick Caraway and Daisy Buchanan. Their character will be viewed in an objective way, and attempt to see deeper into their life and why they did what they did. In the end, eventually find out whether they are actually the bad or good guy that people tend to view them, or perhaps there's something more to them. L. Nick Caraway: The narrator of this novel is Nick Caraway, a man who grew up in family of prominent, well-to-do people† in Chicago; he is a Yale graduate, loves literature and even considers himself as a â€Å"well-rounded man†. After he fought in the World War I, he joined the prosperous and fast-growing business world in New York.Somehow, he is the cousin of the tremendously wealthy Daisy Buchanan, and a college acquaintance of Tom Buchanan, they lived a luxurious life that was completely opposite of his. Being the narrator, it is easy to believe everything that he said, but there are signs that could show that he is not as simple or positive as he pronounce to be, as Peter L. Hays aid in his paper, Initially Nick's father tells him that â€Å"all the people in this world haven't had the advantages you've had† , presumably material advantages.But Nick interprets the statement to mean â€Å"a sense of fundamental decencies is parceled out unequally at birth†, something very different, and a belief that qualifies Nick very much as a snob. In the novel, Nick is a tolerant and open minded listener, and highly educated so is also an intellectual, people felt the urge to confide to him and trust him. However, while Gatsby made up his past and have illegal business in his present life,Nick's family also did something similar; they earn their money by selling hardware but cover it up by saying that they have ducal blood. When he describes his own house, he said his house is a â€Å"small eyesore,† and gives him â€Å"consoling proximity of millionaires. † Though sounding somehow self- mocking, he might actually feel like being near to the rich does make up for his own living standards, as if lying about his background and living next to the rich could take up closer to being one of the people in the high society.Nick's true thoughts over the rich and himself were never clearly identified, UT it seems possible that he does want to fit into the complicated high society, despite the fact that he views himself as morally more advance than all the rest The readers learn more about his personality by the way he speaks and how he described the others as the novel progress.Nick calls himself â€Å"one of the few honest people that I have ever known† In the beginning of the novel, he claimed that he would reserve all judgments while interacting with others, as quoted from the novel: â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing any One,† he told me, â€Å"just remember that all the people in this oral haven't had the advantages that you've had. † He didn't say any more, but we've always been unusually communicative in a reserved way, and I understood that he meant a great deal more than that. In consequence, I'm inclined to reserve all judgments [†¦J. In the above passage, Nick said that he would reserve judgment on all things, but throughout the novel, he seems to be making personal remarks on the other characters. For example, he said his gracious next door neighbor Jay Gatsby is â€Å"unaffected com†, and the Buchannan couple were â€Å"careless people†; even said that his lover Jordan Baker is â€Å"incurably dishonest. Nick is not only the righteous and objective narrator who he claimed to be, he is also someone whose sight is muddled by the lavish life Of the rich and famous.His internal conflict over the lifestyle of his new life in New York goes on throughout the book, and is especially represented by his romantic relationship with Jordan Baker. He is in love with her energy and sophistication, but he is repeatedly disgust by her carelessness and dishonesty. Towards the end of the novel, Jordan said, â€Å"You said a bad driver was only safe until she met another bad driver? Well, I met another bad driver, didn't l? I mean it was careless of me to make such a wrong guess. I thought you were rather an honest, straightforward person. Thought it was your secret pride. Perhaps in the end, the ones who seem the most trustworthy is the one that should not be trusted at all. I. Daisy Buchanan Daisy Buchanan is an interesting character to kick at. In common day terms, some people might view her as the head cheerleader who married the quarterback of the football team, a shallow beauty who cares about nothing but the superficial, money and good looks. Not exactly a scheming gold- digger, since she is already from the elite social class and has incredible lath of her own, but like what she said she wished her daughter would be, â€Å"a beautiful little fool†.Daisy was born in a rich and high class family in Louisville, where she had a short fling with the handsome young man Jay Gatsby who had a fake identity. When Nick described his cousin Daisy, he said she has a voice that m akes her untouchable and â€Å"full of money,† and made her sounds like someone who lives â€Å"high in a white palace, the king's daughter, the golden girl† She was the kind of girl who would make every girl feel jealous, who lived the life of comfort and had everything that any girl could ever wanted.To Gatsby, she is a symbol of wealth and social status, everything that he wanted and trying to achieve, and Gatsby fell in love with her, dedicated his whole life just for her basing on a faint hope that they could somehow be together once more. Unfortunately, the young lovers never got the chance to have their wishes come true, Daisy married another man when Gatsby was away at war. She did seem regretful though, before she got married, she drunkenly said: â€Å"Here, dearer'. â€Å"She groped around in a waste-basket she had with her on the bed and pulled out the string of peers. Take ‘me down-stairs and give ‘me back to whoever they belong to. Tell †˜me all Daisy change; her mind. Say: ‘Daisy's change' her mind! ‘†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ She still ended up marrying the rich Tom Buchanan, some may say she married for the money or did not had the patience to wait for Gatsby any longer, but perhaps all she ever wanted was to be loved and live an easy life, as Jordan described: â€Å"If he left the room for a minute she'd look around uneasily, and say: â€Å"Where's Tom gone? † and wear the most abstracted expression until she saw him coming in the door.She used to sit on the sand with his head in her lap by the hour, rubbing her fingers over his eyes and looking at him with unfathomable delight. Her love for Tom was not entirely based on his wealth or power, but she simply loved him. When she eventually fell in love with Tom after she reluctantly had got married, it was not that she only cared for the fabulous life and forgot all about Jay Gatsby, she merely wanted what every other 20 something girls wanted, to love and to be loved. Most readers have negative opinions of her.She killed a person by driving clumsily and decided to run away, leaving Jay Gatsby broken hearted and in the end, dead. She is overly rich which caused her to seem careless and did not have any constructive thoughts over other subjects beside love and money. But one must not neglect the fact that she was raised and lived in an environment that only taught her to act the way she did, she did not know any better. As a rich girl growing up, she was probably well protected and well loved, what was she to know what it meant to be responsible for ones actions?And yet, when her baby girl was born, she told Nick: â€Å"all right,' I said, ‘I'm glad it's a girl. And I hope she'll be a fool – that's the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ It seemed that she was glad that her daughter was a girl, but in between her tears, a sadness also appeared, perhaps she ad wished that her chil d would be a boy, so it would not have to live as vulnerable as her. But since her child was a girl, she then wished that it was a beautiful fool like she is, to live a simple life and be blinded from all the unhappiness that she had to live with despite her wealth.Although not exactly not as complex and great as the â€Å"Great Gatsby', and very flawed, Nick and Daisy are still characters who are worth the reader's attention. They consist of complicated characteristics, both likable and repugnant, which made them seems like people who readers can relate to in their own lives. Novels are reflections of the realities, and having doubts and making bad decisions are things that everyone faces in their life.

Why is the UN's human rights agenda so limited Essay - 1

Why is the UN's human rights agenda so limited - Essay Example gressive developmental cooperation, some people around the globe, especially those concerned with the human rights treaties and millennium declaration, feel that it is a betrayal of the embodied universal values. Based on items of the current human rights agenda of MDGs, the only item that tries to address sustainable development is on environmental sustainability. However, it gives a bias to two specific issues, which are water and sanitation to improve access to safe drinking water. Apparently, the item seems to focus much to the problems that many societies in the developing and emerging nations struggle with than the already developed nations. The focus of MDGs on access to clean water and sanitation is just but a narrow focus to the big question of water resources management, in a world that is struggling with environmental degradation, declining water resources affected by the climatic conditions and increased utilization of water. The truth is that even after the ‘water for life decade of action’ comes to an end, there will still remain persistent issues related to water, least to mention the challenging factors associated with the environment that affect sustainable deve lopment. It is evident that there was a narrow focus on sustainable development. According to Schaefer- Preuss, MDGs focused on â€Å"halving the proportion of people in the globe who lacked access to sustainable clean water and basic sanitation† (2014, p.1). While this is just an aspect of the complex need to sustainable development, policy makers failed to consider crucial changes a decade later. Climatic conditions, population growth, and factors of economic development like industrialization are all working to influence the global water cycle and utilization. Today, there are far worse challenges to environmental sustainability inclusive of deforestation, extractive industries that could lead to humanitarian crisis, and which serve as potential hindrances to broad sustainable

Hezbollah and its history Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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