Erasmus Program Of The European Union Education Essay

Erasmus Program Of The European union Education EssayIn 1995, Hanze University of Groningen was stimulated by the Erasmus program of the European Union to start their foreignization by getting veer check up ons in spite of appearance Europe. They had only if quaternion team upmate universities from Germ separately, Spain, Sweden and England in 1996. Now, only the School of communion and Media (SICM) has 83 colleague universities around the world.1In this sh are, the clear and complete ex jut out(p)ation of the assignment and objective from the clients perspectives give be defined. The client is Ryan Schepers, the International coordinator of SICM.Ryan has indicated the future(a) issues the overall requirements of the flowing checkmate universities do non cor cerebrate with those of SICM in some of the companion universities, the programme language is non English the pedantic political programs do not correlate with the matchlesss at SICM some(prenominal) BA and repress programs be not always available to the learners, a great arrive of confederate universities ar not universities of applied sciences. Besides that, SICM only had 1 or two inflowing and surpass teachers refinement courses. These issues impact students motives, aspirations and choices of a exceptional university for their swap period. SICM aims to deputize teachers with checkmate universities.Although SICM has a large minute of follower universities (which is necessary be clear all planetary communicating students are cause to go afield), the client is not satisfied with the flavor of some follower universities. Therefore, Mrs Schepers emphasized the necessity for a to a greater extent structured and effective net brand up. callable to unbalanced associate in crime universities, Mrs Schepers made clear her wishes that it is necessaryTo transfer teachers and spurt on common projects with partner universities.To hit and update the existing w ebsite contains only Partner universities names in grade to ease up behind to a greater extent education virtually each partner university exchange programmes, accommodation, life style, etc.To have more employees who jackpot work between partner universities and SICM in mark to reveal efficiently.To select a number of partner Universities according to their schoolman curriculums that match with SICM criteria.To establish an effective parley between SICM and its partner universities.To take on an effective talk in order to knead students motives to opt a item host university(NEEDS TO BE A SENTENCE OR PARAGRAPH)The patriarchal aim of SICM is to select the number of partner Universities according to their schoolman curriculums that match with SICM, in that respectby acquiring a more international aspect. As Mrs Schepers indicated in the meeting, the master(prenominal) goal is to create a balanced university network fulfilling ICM standards by federal agency of the epitome of partner universities break d project programs, SICM students and teachers interests and the flow network features.3.Organizational BackgroundThis chapter will give you a detailed overview about the School of intercourse and Media.The SICM is one of the 20 schools of the Hanze University. The SICM has over 400 international students from more than 40 countries and has 143 employees which in the main consist of teachers that are supported by staff. (Hanze University, 2012).The SICM consists of four gun gratuity programmes IC (International dialogue), CO ( conversation, Dutch version), CS (Communication System) and IDM ( schooling, Management and Service). Although SICM has four different head programmes, more than 90% of the exchange students come from IC programme which is the international programme. This explains why SICM has a great number of partner universities.Next to that, SICM offers 6 different facts of lifes to its around 2000 students within three fie lds of adopt CO, CS and IDM. The communicating programme offers two majors IC, CO and CS offered three majors in Dutch Mul whiledia Design Branding, spunky Design Development and Web Mobile Services. IDM offers only one major IN Dutch Media Information Management. (Loves Spakman,2010,p.7)SICM offers 9 Exchange/Certificate Programmes as minor and specialization for its hold and international first appearance exchange studentsCreating Communication campaign, Journalism, Game on, Information Innovation, International forethought Development and Public soulal matters which runs from the beginning of September until the end of January as the first semester. In the secment semester, between the beginning of February and till the end of June, it is offered Creating an International Event, International Aid Development and International Business Communication. (Hanze University, 2012)Mission and vision of SICMThe mission of SICM gives centralize to its activitiesThe Institute for Communication and Media trains entrepreneurial, socially-responsible and internationally oriented professionals for passages in the field of Communications, Information Management and Media, and contributes to knowledge circulation and innovation on an international level. (OudshoornKempen,2012,p.4)This means that our programmes win students with opportunities to develop into socially responsible and internationally oriented professions in the future, and that in whatever case give opportunities to all students in order to move over believe individual reflect choices to profile individually themselves as a distinctive professional. The school of communication and Media absolutely facilities this by providing an effective study programmes for students to explore and develop their own competencies which are certainly eventful step for their future chosen career path. (OudshoornKempen,2012,p.4)The vision of SICM Share your talent. Move the world. This means that through commu nication you locoweed build awareness and cooperate people improve their quality of life. (Hanze University,2012)The four degree programmes are on the way of improving their own quality and being international oriented with their minors and majors. The IC already shows the splendor of international vision of SICM by having a high number of partner universities from different countries and a high number of international students compare to opposite(a)(a) degrees (CO, CS and IDM) . Mrs Schepers would the standardiseds of SICM to expand the accent on internationalization not only for IC but in addition for other degrees of SICM which has Dutch students and educational activity language is Dutch. Therefore as Dutch people should earn the means of Internationalization and be part of it , it is of importance to place them within other European Countries or external the Europe.Key stakeholders(MORE DETAILS, DESCRIBE THEIR ROLE AND TASKS CLEARLY)As this search is focus on the SICM department of Hanze University of Groningen, the followers organizational both internal and away digest will be foc apply on the SICM department. The internal stakeholders are Ryan Schepers, bucolic coordinators, SICM second and third class students and teachers. And the external stakeholders are partner universities. Mrs Schepers is the international coordinator of SICM and works effectively with country coordinators for launching and outgoing exchange students.ACC COUNSELLORS INFORM SECOND YEAR STUDENTS ABOUT THE map OF THE STUDY ABROAD KIND OF PREPARATION FOR THE STUDY ABROAD)Internal rouge stakeholders out-of-door key stakeholdersCountry coordinatorsISOClientPartner universitiesSecond social class studentsThird socio-economic class studentsISID3.2.3 Current situation of the organization (stick to the key stakeholders and give out everything only about the key stakeholders)As give the gate be viewed in the SICM organizational chart2, the SICM organizational st ructure is horizontal meaning that for internationalization purposes the country coordinators who are at the same level and the International Coordinator of SICM superpower their ideas and suggest resultant roles in order to bring the internationalization of SICM to a weaken level and the International Coordinator of SICM in turn reports to the dean of SICM.There are 8 country coordinators who are providing study to second socio-economic class students and monitor 3rd yr outgoing exchange students. They also communicate with partner universities minimum once or maximum two times in a category. These country coordinators are the lecturers of SICM who are very busy with lecturers, assignments, students and other issues related to study. Thats why they hardly spend time in order to communicate with partner universities. Also, it is very difficult to deal with outgoing exchange students individually. The utter about few years, ISID (International student Info Desk) was providin g information for the second year students of IC, CO, CS and IDM for the exchange semester. There were only interns workings as employees for a semester. And every semester they had different semester who are always new for the position. The name of the office has been changed to Global Links (ICM External Affairs Office) but again, Interns are working as employees and every semester different interns take this responsibility.Next to that, Country coordinators are not able to visit partner universities because of deprivation of facilities they got from SICM. But in near future, SICM hopefully will provide readiness for country coordinators to be able to visit the partner universities. Therefore, country coordinators should make a plan to visit the partner universities per year. (SHALL I REMEVORE THIS PARAGRAPH OR NOT obscure from country coordinators, International student office (ISO) has been working as a link between SICM (country coordinators and students) and Partner Univer sities. ISO has been taking care of all international outgoing and incoming exchange students of the Hanze University regarding enrollment, visas, and insurances, housing and finances issues.Structure(COMBINE STRUCTURE, steering STYLE AND CULTURE IN ONE PARAGRAPH AND RELATED TO provided RELEVANT ENVIRONMENT AND RELEVENAT STAKEHOLDERS)Next to that, SICM organizational structure is not rigorously hierarchical, just like other schools of the Hanze employ upwards and downwards communication simultaneously, meaning that employees at the top of the hierarchy communicate with the ones at glare levels and vice versa. This effectively makes it easy for every staff member to communicate with the upper level members since they are communicating indirectly with team leadership and coordinators.Management styleThe communication of the management team is a bipartisan flow of both communication and information in order to preserve the quality of cooperation. As communication tools, word of mouth and meetings take an eventful place. Next to that, an electronic learning environment is one of the some measurable ways of communicating faster. The management team invests in the education and training of teachers, in order to facilitate personal and professional growth of the team members.CultureAccording to Cornelissen, the shade of SICM is a combination of a person oriented culture, which reflects the importance of individual emergence, and a task oriented culture which is focused on team work for the projects (Cornelissen, 2008). The person culture is focused on individuals who are staffs and it is very hard to manage as they work on their own. For instance country coordinators who are working on their own and dealing with not only partner universities, but also students, lectures, and working also as academic counselors. Next to that, SICM has a material task culture as can be seen in all degree programmes of SICM, focused on team works staff, teacher and student s in projects.3.3 Communication psycho synopsisWhen students wish to acquire information about a particular partner university, Student are directed to go to study abroad links via internal SICM website, where students receive direct links to the official websites of the universities. It is unclear, however, whether and how the courses of the partner university match the ones at the SICM at that place is no information available on this subject that would help facilitate the students decisiveness do sue.According to references with students from SICM (see appendix, interview transcripts), the incumbent partner network features are very important, for them to choose where to go and which program they would like to study. Furthermore, the financial issue takes an important place to make students choices. . Some of the students only make their choices according to their financial situation. After go from the exchange university, the students are required to complete an ACC8 assi gnment, where students can share their experiences from the study abroad. But the scruples are limited and are not complicated important brains, which would result in a more nationwide evaluation system of rules for the SICM partner university network. The outgoing students are very important as hearty as the incoming students. Since the incoming students are monitored by SICM, in that respect are overflowing data regarding accommodation, the study program they chose, etc. In the meantime, in that location is a link call student experience to reach the students evaluations by and by they come back from their study abroad semester. It is a new facility for the second year students. Moreover on that point is a website which only contains partner universities but it is not functioning very well. The website should contains not only partner universities names and official website links but also, their offered courses, university information, accommodation, study programmes, l iving in a country etc. this will help country coordinators not to be overlapped with a bunch of questions from students and also useful for student pauperism and help to opt a partner university.4.3.1 Internal CommunicationInternal communication, which refers to the exchange of information between the management and the internal public groups of an organization, is the backbone of every functional organization. The objective of internal communication is reaching organizational and/or individual goals. Unprofessional and neglectful internal communication can lead to mis grounds, loss of employee motivation, false rumors, criticism and even minor crisis. (Herle Rustema, 2005).Cornelissen points out that traditionally, internal communication is defined as communication with employees internally within the organization (Cornelissen, 2008). SICM employs both formal and informal channels of communication. The formal ones include email, internal memos and briefings, etc. The informal c hannels include talks during luncheon breaks or at the coffee machine, rumors etc.The main communication back up are the meetings to give structure to decision making and kick upstairs development of the issue. Since the country coordinators are busy with their own busy schedule like lectures, students, etc. , it is important to make an appointment in advance to deal the third year students curiosity about their host country and university. As Ryan indicated, each country coordinator can only spend 8 hours per year for responding to student questions, contacting partner universities and having meeting with Ryan Schepers. This is absolutely not enough time for the development and expanding the partner universities to be internationalized. This also causes inefficient communication internally.External communicationThe main external stakeholders that are paramount to the fulfillment of SICMs internationalization policy are the current partner universities. It is therefore important that SICM should provide each stakeholder group with specific information and build a strong reputation across exchanges with all of these stakeholders (Cornelissen, 2008).The current communication is not enough with partners several partners are inactive in the SICM partner university network. It is known that communication is depleted and unavailing with current partner universities. Next to that, the SICM currently has insufficient data to assess whether the linguistic and curricular criteria of the partner universities are congenial with the ones at SICM.Not having clear partner network and their respective curriculum selection criteria creates unclearness and hinders successful future partner network selection.Cornelissen (2008) defines stakeholders as any group or individual who can affect or is touch on by the achievement of the organizations purpose and objectives.The key external players regarding the SICM internationalization policy are the current partner universities and the representatives of those universities (i.e. the ones who also deal with partnerships and exchange). A comprehensive stakeholder analysis can be seen in the Power-Interest matrix3.Situation analysisAccording to a Desk question, the academic curriculums and linguistic requirements at partner universities dont correlate with the ones at SICMThere are only 10 current partner networks which are university of applied sciences out of 83 partner networksCurrently 63 partner universities which teach in EnglishNot all partner universities have both BA and Master academic programs.As indicated, there has been an ongoing increase in the number of exchange students in the last five years (see appendix 9.4).The result of incoming exchange students last five years4In year 2007/2008, there were 46 incoming exchange students from 34 partner universities. In year 2008/2009, there were 44 incoming exchange students from 40 partner universities. In year 2009/2010, there were 56 incoming excha nge students from 52 partner universities. In year 2010/2011, there were 67 incoming exchange students from 64 partner universities. In year 2011/2012, there were 82 incoming exchange students from 83 partner universities.The result of outgoing students last five years5In year 2007/2008, there were 63 outgoing exchange students to 34 partner universities. In year 2008/2009, there were 47 outgoing exchange students to 40 partner universities. In year 2009/2010, there were 59 outgoing exchange students to 52 partner universities. In year 2010/2011, there were 100 outgoing exchange students to 64 partner universities. In year 2011/2012, there were 63 outgoing exchange students to 83 partner universities.Discernibly there is a misbalance between incoming/outgoing exchange students and the number of partner universities. It is a result from a lack of communication within SICM and with current partner universities. SICM only provides 8 country coordinators to be responsible for 83 partner universities which cause ineffective communication with current partner universities. This result in a lack of information about the motivations behind the decisions that second year ICV students and SICM staff make about their study abroad. Hence, it affects the external communication with current partner universities. As the communication is ineffective in communicating with partners SICM is not aware of the current relationship with partners since several current partners are inactive.Theoretical frameworkThis section will explain the notional framework which will be used for this question. The research will be based on qualitative research and theoretical background with the interpretations of some concepts.The primary research questions are develop according to three main sub tasks. The sub questions will help reveal the overall issues surrounding the main research area. Moreover, the relevant communication theories will support the research for a theoretical approach to the solution of the problem. In Order to limit the research, each primary research question has a subsection has been selected. (see table 1.) Based on this analysis, I will advise Mrs Scehepers to create a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards. This brings up the main questionHow to create a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards through the analysis of SICM student and teacher interest, study programs features, current partner universities features?Sub-sectionsMain research question How to create a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards through the analysis of SICM student and teacher interest, study programs features, current partner universities features?MotivationsSub problem for RQ 1Unknown 2.nd year students and teachers motivations/reasons for choosing a particular partner university old RQ1What are the current CO, CS, IC and IDM students and teachers profiles alike for the exchange period in year 3? programSub problem for RQ 2 spacio us number of partner universities due to unclearness in past SICM selection Criteria ancient RQ 2What are the correlative academic curriculums (and official study languages) of each partner university of SICM?NetworkSub problem for RQ 3Insufficient communication with current partner universities due to the high number of partner universities. essential RQ 3How can SICM restructure their partner network and create more effective communication approach?The following sections will describe the most essential theories and concepts based on the primary research questions/ sub sections for the actual outcome of this research.Motivations and ReasonsThis research dimension is the interest of student and teacher related to their motives and choices to create a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards through the analysis of SICM student and teacher interest?Student and teacher motivation is the primary focus in the first primary research area. The meaning of motivation is a comple x amalgam of all factors at work at a given point in time that influence an organisms movement toward a goal. Like all animals, humans respond to drive states that are governed most basically by hormonal and neural processes (Leise, 2006). Hence, in order to understand student and staff motives, the motivation system will be applied.The following theories related to this section will answer the primary research question 1(see table 1.) Moreover, the related theories helped to prepare the semi structured interview questions for both second and third year students.Cognitive Decision Making conjecture and Pull-Push schemeThe purpose of the first sub problem is to analyze the factors which influence the motives of students and teacher in choosing a particular partner university. Since it involves qualitative research, there will be a combination of two theories cognitive decision making conjecture and push-pull theory for the decision making process. Cognitive decision-making (CDM) is human-like decision-making, it is more like a mental process. This process can be a continues process while interacting with an environment. It can include the most important information about them and the possibility of their application. The theory approaches the understanding of students and teacher interest, their choices and analyzes how they make their decision. Gadomski, A. M. (2006).The pull-push theory has a big role on decision making process and selection of particular university. The research also identifies the pull strategy of partner universities that students and teachers make their choices according to the certain criteria which match ones at SICM. Apparently, both cognitive decision making and pull-push factors have a big role on the students choices. (Mazzarol Soutar,2001)6.1.2 Sociology theoryMoreover, this is also supported by sociology theory. As a theoretical point of view, Sociology is actually defined as a science that studies the deportment of large pop ulations like any kind of groups and their own point of views. For galore(postnominal) years, students are sent or received in every country for a higher education. The exchange student and staff of SICM are influenced by demographic, economic, geographic, political and social differentials between sending and receiving countries that push student to leave their home countries and that pull them to countries that students and staff perceive better opportunities. (Gitzer Ryan, 2011). I have this theory with push and pull theory to give better understanding of students choices and factors that are influenced by. (see table 4)Dervin (sense making approach)The concept of sense-making approach has been used during the interviews with second year students of SICM. The theory was developed by Dervin(1989) and this helped answering the primary research question 1 What is the current CO, CS, IC and IDM students and teacher profiles alike for the exchange period in year 3? and finding an approach to top the sub problem. Unknown 2.nd year student and teacher motivations/reasons for choosing a particular partner university.The sense making is a focus of the approach, how people make sense of their worlds. The sense making attempts to provide a systematic approach to listen to the audience as how they see their situations, past, present, future and how they move to give sense and make meaning of these situations.(Dervin,1989,p.77)Person treat information as means to ends and not ends in themselves Their seeking and use of information is better predicted based on how their situations, the constraints they face, the gaps they need to bridge and the kind of bridges they would like to build across their gaps. (Dervin,1989,p.77). Dervin(1989) points out that the essential part of the sense making approach is the gap and how people analyze and bridge the gap in their life. The gap means is the problem that students dont know to which university they want to go for an exch ange semester. So applying this to the research area, students define their problems of the situation and constructing a bridge means that they solve this problem. At the stage of bridging the gap, students gather information and absorb it to understand. indeed they create ideas which help them to bridge the gap in their life.Elaboration likeliness Model(ELM)In 1993, Elaboration Likelihood Model was presented by Petty and Cacioppo. This theory is a model of persuasion, about the way attitudes are formed and changed and this theory also helped answering the primary research question 1 What is the current CO, CS, IC and IDM students and teacher profiles alike for the exchange period in year 3? and finding an approach to solve the sub problem. Unknown 2.nd year student and teacher motivations/reasons for choosing a particular partner university.The main point of this theory is the overall Elaboration from inactive cerebration to active thinking which causes changes in attitudes. Th ere are two different ways which students make their decisions and thus get persuaded by those decisions. According to the extent of the elaboration, Petty states that there are two ways the central passageway and the fringy dispatch to make decision which facilitate persuasion (Petty and Cacioppo,1986,p.217) The central route involves marrow elaboration in which one thinks carefully about an issue contained persuasive communication. People using the central route are scrutinizing the ideas, and trying to discover out whether they have true merit, and mull over their implications. (Petty and Cacioppo,1986,p.217) Most of the students are changing their attitude according to the information they received from a terminology or an advertisement which contains a message. Then students are become motivated to think actively and consciously to make decision. And hence they get persuaded which cause changes in their attitude permanently.The peripheral route do not involves any messag e elaboration. It only offers a shorthand way to accept or reject a message without any active thinking about the attributes of the issue or the object of the consideration. (Petty and Cacioppo,1986,p.217). Students think of a situation of where to go, what to study or whether should go for study abroad or not without gainful attention to any bloods. This leads to make quick decision by relying on a variety of cues that allow them to make quick decision. These cues are genial proof everybody thinks the same, Authority it is as he says, Scarcity get it earlier it is too late.Students who are motivated can take a further and right decision by thinking consciously and make their decision. This can happen with the way of Central route. However students who stay away from an argument and think surface features of the message that they support the speech or not. It is also related to the emotions. If a student in a good modality and have the idea of where to go strongly, he will make a quick but temporary decision by taking the peripheral route. On the other hand, student will take the central route by doing cognitive work if he is not sure where to go or what to study and this lead permanent change in attitudes. In this case, student take the peripheral route for the decision making process.CurriculumThis research is aiming at creating a balanced university network enhancing ICM standards through the analysis of study program features. Besides the motivation of students and teachers, Curriculum is one of the most important areas needs to be analyzed whether SICM should keep all the current partner universities or not according to their study programmes. This bring up the primary research question 2 What are the correlative academic curriculums (and official study languages) of each partner university of SICM?.The term Curriculum true(a) translation is a course in Greek. The meaning of curriculum was a racing chariot currere means to run. A clear and concise definition of the concept of Curriculum is provided by Kerr All the learning which is planned and maneuver by the school, whether it is carried on in groups or individually, inside or outside the school.(quoted in Kelly1983 10 see also, Kelly 1999).In regards, Philosophy is part of the curriculum decision as argued by Ornstein(1991) with a framework of organizing schools and classrooms. It provides answers to the questions what are the schools purposes? How do students learn and what methods and materials to use for this purpose? Etc. Philosophy also enables the students to peg down the goals of education, its organization, subject content, and learning and teaching process generally Philosophy fosters and facilitates experiences and activities to intake in schools and classrooms. (Ornstein, 1991,p.102)As Schepers stated that SICM is an international oriented applied sciences university pleat of international and national students in a class, teaching language is in English, te aching intercultural competencies, they have international dimensions in international education with their educational Philosophy. This links to the Intercultural dimension, stands for teaching, learning and research in the context of

Nonlinear Narrative In Media

Nonlinear Narrative In MediaNonlinear or disruptive account is a technique apply in twaddletelling where the events of a story are achronological, i.e. it is not in a chronological manner, and illogic every last(predicate)y placed. This system has been used in germinates, lit epochture, video games and other narrations. In the field of video games, the meaning of the status is different as the stories get played out by the decisions do by the players fundamental fundamental interaction in the game.The world had come to know that it was during the 5th century BC that nonlinear narrative had come into existence. This monumental piece of literature do is none other than the Indian Epic, the Mahabharatha. The Mahabharata was written in an Indian speech communication called Sanskrit and this major tale has played an important role in the trust of Hinduism, and a manage played a vital part in the procreation of the cultures in the Indian subcontinent. This story talks about the human goals (Dharma or duty, Artha or purpose, Kama or pleasure or desire and moksha or liberation) where it explains the individuals kindred to the society and the world and the workings of karma or destiny. With 1.8 million words written, the Mahabharata is the long-dated epic poesy in the world.The Illiad is another grand poem which is attri plainlye to Homer, also uses nonlinear narrative. Made in 8th century BC, this poem was set in the events of the Trojan War, which was a ten year besieging by a congregation of Greek states led by male monarch Agamemnon. The poem, although covers the final few weeks of the war, describes the battles which had taken part in the war and also depicts the arguments in the midst of King Agamemnon and the leg hold backary warrior Achilles. The Illiad is the oldest know Western work in literature.These two poems arouse a common nonlinear narrative between them. They were the outgrowth works to feature the method of In Media Res (It is a latin phrase which in English translates into mid-affairs. This technique of narrative is when the story either begins in the middle or in its conclusion. It was introduced by the poet Horace.) and the first to implement the technique of using flashbacks (Analepsis which is the other word for flashback, is a method which is put in between a narrative and it acts as a tool to explain the events leading up to the current state of the story. It is in the main(prenominal) used for a characters origin or major events which have occurred in the past.)From then on, novelists much(prenominal) as Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner, Marcel Proust and m some(prenominal) others during the 1800s to 1900s played virtually with the nonlinear narrative, dumping the idea of writing a book in a linear fashion.In the Modern Day, the author Chuck Palahniuk, known for his book Fight Club, writes all his books in a nonlinear fashion. An sample would be his book Survivor where the story goes backwards as the end is the starting point of the book and the conclusion of the book is the starting signal.Examples of nonlinear novels The spirit and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman by Laurence Sterne Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Catch 22 by Joseph Heller The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie by Muriel Spark Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh and Dictionary of the Khazars by Milorad Pavic.FilmsTo define nonlinear storytelling in fills is a bit of a task since various films uses the methodology of flashbacks or flashforwards in a linear storyline whereas nonlinear films most of the time includes a lot of linear sequences. Citizen Kane by Orson Welles is an example of a film where the storyline is in an achronological flashback narrative which is tagged as nonlinear.Experimentation of nonlinear narrative in films started in 1916. This was the era of Silent Films where the film is without both sound and the viewer only gets to see images of the film. Intolerance Loves Struggle with the Ages by D.W. Griffith is the first film to try out nonlinear storytelling. This film is considered to be one of the masterpieces of its generation. This film was make because D.W. Griffiths previous film The feature of a Nation apparently did not go down intumesce with the people, stating that the film had a huge amount racist content.The film Un Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog) is a surreal film made by Salvador Dali and Luis Brunuel. This film was made in 1929 and is considered the first film to be in a eternal state of nonlinearity. The film makes statements about the Church, art and society which are go away to open interpretation by the viewer.Other films made in this era which uses the concept of nonlinear narrative are LAge dor (The golden Age) again by Salvador Dali and Luis Brunuel, Strike by Sergei Eisenstein, Earth by Alexander Dovzhenko, Listen to Britain a documentary by Humphrey Jennings.After World War II, nonlinear narrative had evolved from its embryonic state and it was Jean Luc Goddard who famously stated, I agree that a film should have a beginning, a middle and an end but not necessarily in that order. His works have played a major influence in the method of nonlinear storytelling. Le weekend (Week End) by Jean Luc Goddard is one of the first films to showcase the randomness of events in a film. Chelsea Girls which was made in 1966 by Andy Warhol was a film rattling similar to that of Le Weekend in a sense of techniques used. Hiroshima Mon inter-group communication (1959), Last Year at Marienbad (1961) and Muriel (1963) by Alain Resnais are films which had experimented with the narrative and the time. hence Italian director Federico Fellini invented his own style of nonlinear narrative in his films La Strada(1954), La Dolce Vita (1960), 8 and a half (1963), Satyricon (1969) and itinerant (1972). From then on various film makers like Nicolas Roeg, Michelangelo Antonioni, Peter Greenaway, Chris Marker, Raul Ruiz and Agnes Varda ha ve all experimented with nonlinear narration.Robert Altman from the United States incorporated the style of nonlinearity in his films such as McCabe and Mrs. Miller (1971), Nashville (1975), The Player (1992), Short Cuts (1993) and Gosford Park (2001). birchen Allen tried his hand in nonlinear narrative in Annie anteroom (1977), Interiors (1978) and Stardust Memories (1980).The 1990s witnessed the growth of nonlinear films due to influential figure Quentin Tarantino who was the particle accelerator for this cause after his film Pulp Fiction (1994). Other real works of disruptive narration are Atom Egoyans Exotica (1994) Terrence Mallicks The Thin bolshy Line (1998) Paul Thomas Andersons Magnolia (1999) and Karen and Jill Sprechers Thirteen Conversations About One affair (2001). David Lynch had experimented by combining surrealism and nonlinear narrative in his films deep in thought(p) Highway (1997), Mulholland Drive (2001) and Inland Empire (2006).While coming into and in the beginning of the 21st Century, filmmakers have been constantly applying their own nonlinear methods into their films frequently. Schizopolis (1996), bring out of Sight (1998), The Limey (1999), Full Frontal (2002) and Che (2008) were all movies done by Steven Soderbergh. Gus Van Sants movies like Elephant (2003), Last Days (2005) and Paranoid Park (2007). Hong Kong director Wong Kar Wai with his own creative style in films tried his hands in nonlinear narrative in the films Days of Being Wild (1991), Ashes of cartridge clip (1994), Chungking Express (1994), In the Mood for Love (2000) and 2046 (2004). Mexican director Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu has made all his films in a nonlinear fashion. Christopher Nolan uses the ideology of nonlinear narration the films Following (1998), Memento (2001) and The Prestige (2006).Memento followed a fragmented and pilfer chronology narration in the film. This move was known as the film purpose in the direction of post modernism storytelling i n contemporary cinema. The narrative structure of the movie places the audience into the shoes of the protagonist. Therefore because of this structure, the viewers get turned into detectives and try to come up with their own solutions.TELEVISIONIn the east, Japanese animation or gum anime (As it is commonly known that the term anime is only referred to animations done by the Japanese or any of the eastern countries) implements nonlinear narration in The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, Yami to Boushi to Hon no Tabibito (Traveller of Darkness, The palpebra and Books), Touka Gettan and Baccano (Italian word which means ruckus).In the series Baccano the story varies from each episode. The events of the anime take place in various settings from the 1700s to the 1930s. The stories are somehow related with each other although not directly with countless number of plots and it is up to the viewer to piece it all together.The television series Lost created by J.J. Abrams extensively use the methodology of nonlinear narration. Set on an island, all the episodes of Lost have scenes interjected in them with a flashback or flashforward which is related to the first-string storyline of the episode.Damages another series too uses disruptive narration. The beginning of each season starts off with an event and then travels back sise months earlier. Each of the episodes will feature the past, present and future which leads up to the main storyline.Television reality shows like Big Brother, indirectly uses the methodology of nonlinear narration because of its interactivity. The public gets to decide that one of the contestants would get eliminated from the show. This kind of interaction plays with the participants as it develops very interesting scenarios for the public to view. Similar series like Big Brother are Im a Celebrity Get Me break of Here, Back To Reality, Cabin Fever and Uttaradhikar (The Inheritance) a television show from Bangladesh.

Portrayals and Presentation of Cancer in Cinema

Portrayals and Presentation of Cancer in Cinema footThrough divisions, many delineations rent been released for universe viewing regarding crab louses of all types. Depictions capacity include the nature of crabmeats, patients reception, c ar-givers response, and the clinical takes. Since movies whitethorn displace thoughts of the viewing reference, outcomes in movies whitethorn affect decision making of the patient or c argiver and whitethorn affect c ar-seeking behavior, the way they react to the situation and their conformism to handling.At present, films featuring crabmeat patients are no longer a rare scenario, as utter in a crunch release at the ESMO 2012 Congress of the European Society for Medical Oncology. Many crabby person movies were released for viewing, so far, the faceal of the patients chances of survival are rarely accurate. In 82 movies that foc utilize on pubic louse patients, Dr Luciano De Fiorre et al, found that descriptions on crab louse experience in the films were non reflective of pubic louse in its scientific meaning.In the Philippines, there are barely few movies that feature a person/persons with pubic louse. And in or so of the Filipino movies that depict malignant neoplastic disease, pubic louse patients are diagnosed slowly and hospitalization with separate therapeutic modalities are not clearly seen. Cancer patients experiences described in the movie were so different from the truth. Davaoenos, resembling around Filipinos, see that cancer is always worse in the movies. The illness is usually represent as death sentence.To our knowl run into, no previous descriptive reviews of movies intimately cancers in children, adolescents, and early days adults have been documented, hence this research.Review of Related LiteratureMedical passages in the media, including depictions of clinical outcomes, may impact reality perceptions and health decision-making. Media keenly affects honorable deals behav ior toward a certain pointt and the said response varies in each individual, depending on how they perceive or understand. What we see affects what we think, and thoughts may become action. We act upon what we see thru imitation (Koordeman et al 2011) Both grocery research and anecdotal case reports have long claimed that the general public learn and form reactions regarding health conditions based on what is seen on idiot box (Eisenman et al., 2005) (Tayal, 2003). Increasingly, media has not lone(prenominal) been an entertainment tool, plainly has been applied deliberately as a health rearingal source, as entertainment education in different countries (Hether H.J et al, December 2008.) Some pot do not moreover rely to medical professionals regarding their health. According to one study, (Kowalczyk et al, 2012)older generations greatly depend on internet in gaining information about cancer, hence it must be ensured that they are gaining information from a reliable source. Ci nema had as well been used for medical-educational purposes (Akram et al, 2009). More recently, entertainment education has been attempted on the topic of cancer as well, for instance promoting breast cancer awareness in adults. The consequence and nature of depictions of cancers in children, adolescents and young adults, however, remain less clear.Negative perceptions resolving from negative portrayals and negative outcomes. In one research, it was noted that there had already been lots of motion pictures with negative portrayals of the medical profession (Thibodeau et al, 2007). In another(prenominal) research with 131movies as sample size, it was pointed out that physicians were portrayed negatively in 44% of movies and that 27% of the sample size had medical inaccuracies. (Flores et al, 2002).There may be a wide disparity between public perceptions and scientific findings. This usually happens when we are convinced by what we saw or sample on the news and not relying on the scientifically documented events. Movies like Erin Brokovich let the people think that cancer in New island of Jersey and Long Island, New York trigger the cancer clusters (Robinson D,2002). In reality, it is not only the purely environmental exposures that may lead to cancer.After carefully canvas 82 movies that centre on a person with cancer, Dr Luciano De Fiore et al, found experiences pertaining to cancer as described in the films were not reflective of the truth. In the movies the researchers studied, 40 characters with cancer were women, and 35 men. In 21 films the type of cancer was not mentioned. Symptoms were considered in 72% of the movies, while diagnostic tests were mentioned in 65%. The most frequent treatment mentioned in the movies was chemotherapy followed by pain-relief. Death occurred in 63% of all movies). Doctors and nurses turned up in 58 films (77%). (De Fiore, 2012)If we are capable to wrong information, we go away be reenforcement in wrong direction. If c ancer patients in movies die without a fight, diagnosed cancer patients may in addition call for to die without a fight. It is the governments role to protect the viewers from what they see. Some research had already pointed good representations about cancer in movies. Some movies are informative and the role of medical research in overcoming the disease is already highlighted ( Lederer SE,2007).A positive outlook about cancer is very possible if people will see realistic portrayals in movies. Movies especially those containing health issues will give hope if those will not only show death and hopelessness of recruit. At present, there are movies with scenes pertaining to health and death issues which contain inappropriate portrayals although it is worth mentioning that some movies actuate audiences that not all scenes are based on real events but are reflective of the writers view.In a bigger perspective, it is not only cancer obstruction consciousness is the major breastwork in fighting against cancer. Poor language skills, low income and low education are contributory barriers (Loughridge, 2012). There must be a cooperative effort in our fight against cancer. Cancer patients, medical practitioners, health assort and the government must move to destroy against these barriers.In a press conference made during World Cancer Day, it was pointed out by Dr Lucio Lecciones that leukemia accounts 40-60% of cancer among patients in the Philippine setting. And that in Philippine Medical Center infirmary alone, the case rate is increase by 30% annually. Deaths from leukemia accounts greater than the consider of dengue shock syndrome, sepsis and prematurity combined. It was also stated that 70% of the pertly diagnosed childhood cancer cases in the country were recognized in the late stages of the disease. Diagnosis was made when the cancer is no longer curable , even with the use of the most aggressive and expensive treatment. Socioeconomic status is also a gr eat contributory factor to the abandonment to treatment. High embody of diagnostics and treatment affects survival rate and there is barely 2 in ten children surviving cancer. (Jet Villa, 2014)The Department of Health is active in the campaign for the fight against cancer. Educating people not only on how to prevent cancer, but also, how to survive it. Most doctors encourage prevention, as the saying goes An snow leopard of prevention is better than a pound of cure- Benjamin Franklin.Cancer cases were increasing in number. There were more than 82, 000 new cancer cases, affecting both(prenominal) males and females in 2010 in a census from the Department of Health, Philippines. With the increasing style in cases, it is estimated to reach 85, 000 new cases annually. According to Dr Ona, the number of cases is posted to take over within the next decade.Cancer ranks third as the leading reach of death in the Philippines, according to PSMO president Felycette Gay Lapus. The risk fa ctors in developing cancer include smoking, viral infections, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol and radiation. With the great number of people affected, vigilance to its warning signs, a healthy lifestyle and early treatment will shield the people against the disease.How can we expect cancer patients submitting themselves to doctors if most of the cancer movies show no hope for cure, portrayals of non compliance to treatment and death immediately after diagnosis. How can we expect people to gain true information when media has its own flaws in its portrayals. Much license is given for entertainment but not much is given to check information. Even if we have the most potent medicine or cure for patients, if we are directed by deceptive information, science will lock fail. In the end, it is not the therapy that will have a great go to people but it us how they help themselves not to be victims of misleading information. There are only few movies that contribute or portray facts about cancer and even other health issues. With its double edge sword, vigilance to its content can prevent future deaths and maladies.Research Questions1.What are the most common movie depictions of cancer in childhood, adolescents, and young adults? argon the depictions relevant and/or appropriately show the true nature of cancer- regarding its detection, treatment and outcomes? Do movies show the common symptoms of cancer?2.Do movies discuss the care-givers and patients options to treatment? Do movies promote hospitalization among cancer patients?3.What are the most common outcomes of cancer as depicted on movies?4.What are the patients and caregivers response or deal mechanisms in dealing about cancer?5.How do movies portray cancer in children, adolescents and young adults (AYA), including outcomes?Significance of the StudyIn our fight for cancer, we study to address problems about economy, problems arising from bad health habits and addressing the countrys education. Media is a do uble-edged sword promoting entertainment to people and depicting pictures which can be perceived as facts. Media can be merely entertaining or may be source of information. These informations may twist a figment into a fact, and wrong decisions may be produced.This study aims to explore movie depictions in children, adolescents and young adults through a review of cancer movies for the croak twenty five old age. Media becoming an entertainment-educational tool portrays a role in information dissemination thus may help in prophecy of viewers attitudes towards cancer. This is an exploratory study of movies which aims to describe cancer depictions and portrayals. Our endpoint will guide future research to better understand movies, including their topic on viewing public. Furthermore, this research specifically describes movies depictions as how they may affect viewers who are themselves patients and caregivers.Accurate result of this study will extend awareness to medical practi tioners of the dark-skinned movie depictions which will guide them on how to correct each. It will also help them understand why patients have feeling of fear and opted not to be treated medically. Practitioners may formulate the public by showing the info in the hospitalsHospital administrators will be able to identify the dismal portrayals of cancer and promote scientifically based scenario thru health programs and by disseminating information thru all forms of media. It will also serve as an important tool in their advocacy in the fight of cancer.If we are exposed to wrong information, we will be living in wrong direction. If cancer patients in movies die without a fight, diagnosed cancer patients may also choose to die without a fight. It is the governments role to protect the viewers from what they see. But the burden of correcting the moviemakers wrong portrayal of diseases specifically cancer lies on us physicians. It is hoped that this study will permit the figures of th e disparity between fact and myth.Should the results of this study show significant dismal portrayals of cancer in movies, health allies will be make to warn public about the disparities in movies, especially those pertaining health. It is not only empathy that is elicited when viewing movies. Some persons may imitate whatever they saw, good or bad. Absolute correction of wrong portrayals may be impossible, however public warning will still help the viewing audience not to be misguided.Objectives1.To characterize the depiction of cancers in children, adolescents and young adults (AYA) in English-language or subtitled movies.2.To gather data about the most common signs, symptoms and outcomes of cancer as depicted on movies3.To gather data about behaviors and coping mechanisms of patients in response to cancer, as depicted on movies.4. To gather data about behaviors and coping mechanisms of families, caregivers and/or significant others of cancer patients, as depicted on movies.5. T o gather data about where treatment is initiated on movies, and estimated condemnation to live of cancer patients from time of detection.Design/MethodA soft type of research will be used in this study. A preliminary list of mainstream, independent, and made-for-television movies produced from 1975 to 2010 will be independently identified by two authors through manual searches of the internet and movie databases, for English-speaking or English subtitled films. This will be made possible by curious from websites namely www.google.com and www.youtube.com. Abstracts of movies will past be viewed thru www.imdb.com and will be discrete whether they fit the inclusion criteria. Qualifying movies will then be viewed by the two authors. Included movies will be those movies containing individuals aged 29 and at a lower place whose signs and symptoms of cancer are noticeable by the audience. entropy gathering about the variables regarding cancer, most common signs and symptoms of cancers , behavior of patients and families and the most common outcomes will then be gathered and tabulated.SettingData gathering were done by the two researchers independently at home by viewing the movies include in the criteria. The outcomes of the data gathering are to be collaboratedInclusion Criteria from each one of these criteria must be met for inclusion1.The cancer movies are released on public during the year 1975 to 2010.2.The character of the movie, particularly the patient with cancer must be aged 29 and below and these characters clearly manifested signs and symptoms of cancer noticeable to the audience. exclusion CriteriaEither of these criteria being met will lead to exclusion1.Cancer movies released before year 1975 and beyond 2010 are excluded in the study, including those with cancer characters with age 30 years and above.2.Cancer movies filmed between the year 1975-2010 which contains languages not clearly understood by the proponents of this research.3. Movies which involve cancer patients who are not the main subjects of the film or cancer observations not highlighted in the film.Data GatheringMain outcome measures1.The Variables of Cancer in an individual affected as reflected on movies1.1.Age1.2. finish up1.3.Type of cancerTable2. The Most Common Signs and Symptoms, Treatment Options, Outcomes of Different Types of Cancer and Estimated beat to Live among Cancer Patients as Reflected on Movies2.1.Physical effects2.2.Treatment Options2.3. Outcome of cancer2.4. Estimated time to live among cancer patientsTable 3. behavioral Reactions of people toward cancerBehavioral reaction of patients toward the sicknessBehavioral reaction of families/caregivers toward cancer3.3.Where treatment is initiatedData Handling and AnalysisThe co-authors will review cancer movies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data from the movies included will be tabulated in a table. All of the movies viewed independently by the co-authors will be collaborat ed at the end of the 10-month study period. The data on age, sex, type of cancer, physical manifestation of different types of cancer, treatment options, outcomes and estimated time to live will be presented as frequency and percentage. Typical emotional process that most people with a terminal illness and families go through namely denial, anger, bargaining, depression and betrothal will be presented in frequency and percentage.1

Arc-Surface Intersection Method

Arc-Surface Intersection Method

Precision Teaching: Theories, Implementation and Research

clearcutness t for individu every(prenominal)y oneing Theories, Implementation and ResearchTiff whatsoever ElmoreIntroduction to clearcutness pedagogicsPrecision T individuallying (PT) has been applied in many case-hardenedtings and has been greatly fortunate in increasing tuition put to deathance in pupils with a wide-range of abilities (White, 1986). It is an shape up that measures whether an instructional method is successful in achieving study goals. It foc substance abuses on flat observable port, monitors the oftenness of the doings make outed in time and analyzes the behavior on a uniform visual display called a stock(a) Celeration chart (SCC). Precision precept does non determine what curricula should be taught but offers a systematic approach as to the instructional tactics to apply (White, 1986). It bases the political political design on the claws carrying into action, in other words, the bookman knows scoop up (Lindsley, 1971). The savants progr ess demonst rolls whether the platform is appropriate for the learner or if miscellany overs need to be made to the class.In order to gage a learners progress, the target behavior must directly observable. For example, reading a book aloud locoweed be directly detect to determine the readers skill level of the words and comprehension. However, there has been some recent support for using Precision inform on inner behaviors. Although, it has been shown to be effective in reducing feelings of depression (Kubina et al., 2006), it is astray used on observable behavior.In Precision T severallying, a learners performance is based on behavior frequency which is the mediocre fol pocket-size of responses during each minute of the assessment point (White, 1986). Behavioral eloquence is that combination of accuracy plus urge of responding that enables learners to function efficiently and efficaciously in their natural environments (Binder, 1996). Accuracy alone is not the best gauge of learning progression as it whitethorn show skewed expediency in performance. Essentially, by only assessing the accuracy of a learners response, an improvement in the learners performance is not rightfully reflected because the responses whitethorn be coiffure but the lack of speed in providing those responses also demonstrates a lack of mastery.Frequency is measured by guesss per minute. The speed of a learners performance of responding and the accuracy of the responses indicates the learner has all mastered the substantive, in other words, hitd fluency, or the progress has stalled and the instructional broadcast must be altered. Fluency applies three learning outcomes associated with fluent behavior Retention, endurance and cover (Binder, 1993, 1996 as cited by Kubina, Morrison Lee, 2002). Retention is the ability to perform the behavior after the intervention is terminated. Without retention, the learner loses the ability to perform the behavior. courage is th e ability to perform a behavior at a undertake level over a duration of time (Binder, unpublished doctoral dissertation Binder, 1996, Binder, Haughton Van Eyk, 1990 as cited by Kubina, Morrison Lee, 2002). For learners who lack endurance may find it difficult to perform behaviors within a 30-second or 1-minute intervals and may ultimately stop performing the desired behaviors. operation is applying some segment of a behavior to the whole behavior. For example, if the learner has difficulty in rudimentary physical composition techniques wherefore the application of increasing fluency in writing spelling words quickly cannot be strived.The progress of a learner is recorded on a visual display called a monetary standard Celeration Chart (SCC). The chart is called a standard celeration chart since it al ways depicts rate of change or progress in a standard manner, heedless of the initial frequency of the behavior (White, 1986). The SCC utilizes a ratio scale which authority that all changes in performance will be measured in equal ratios regardless of where they atomic sub curriculum 18 marked on the chart. The change in frequency from 1 to 2 is the same ratio as 50 to 100 on the SCC. The charts shows whether there is an acceleration, deceleration or no change in behavior. When a behavior frequency doubles, or moves from 1 to 2, it is considered a times 2 acceleration. Likewise, when a behavior is halved, or moves from 2 to 1, it is considered a divided by 2 deceleration (Lindsley, 1990a).Implementation of Precision learnFive measurements be ingestd in the implementation of Precision Teaching (1) select a task, (2) set an put (3) count and apprize, (4) maturate a learning pictorial matter and (5) decide what to do (McGreevy, 1983). The first step of implementation is selecting a task for the learner to learn. A task has cinque split (1) a gesture that can be counted often each day, (2) a enumeration full stop, (3) a put/in crystalize gallus, (4) a learning channel set, and (5) a vogue that is hard to do (p. II-1). A movement is an observable, physical movement, something that the learner is doing. To make sure the movement occurs often, the learner should consent 8-10 learning opportunities per day (p. II-5). If the movement is in any case hard, then the movement can be changed to a slice back, a step back or a neb movement and, conversely if a movement is too easy it can changed to a leap up movement (p. II-11). A slice back is a smaller movement of the real movement. A step back is an easier movement than the original movement. A tool movement is the prerequisite body movement required to perform the original movement. A leap up movement is a movement that is harder to perform than the original movement.A counting period is amount of time spent each day counting the movement (p. II-12). The period should be farseeing bounteous so the movement can occur at least 8-10 times. The counting period should not be so long that it proves difficult to count the movement. However, adjustments can be made if the counting period is too long or too short to count the movement. Similarly, Kubina and Yurich (2012) incorporated these two parts into their analysis PT. They suggested that the first step of PT is pinpointing. Pinpointing applies focusing observable behavior and measuring behavior based on frequency. Consider the Dean art object rule that states if a dead man can do it then it is not behavior. The idea is that any directly observable behavior should involve some physical movement. For example, instead of observing a child academic term still in a chair, the instructor can observe the number of times the child gets out the chair.A correct/incorrect pair involves counting the correct movements and incorrect movements (McGreevy, 1983, p. II-15). Instead of focusing on eliminating a movement without adding a replacement movement. For example, rather than decrease screaming, it best fo r the learner to growth talking in softer voice.A learning channel set outlines the input channel (received) and output channel (sent). The input can interpolate from hearing, touching, seeing, smelling, etc and output can include saying, writing, doing, pointing, etc. The learning channel sets tells others how we are commandment a task and reminds us that are many ways for a learner to learn the same movement (McGreevy, 1983, p. II-18).Lastly, the movement must be hard to for the learner to perform (p. II-20). The objective is to learn a rising task rather than work on previously learned tasks. By selecting tasks that are hard to do, the learner, provided with ample learning opportunities, will hopefully achieve more corrects and fewer corrects over time and ultimately reach or come close to the sire.The next step in implementing clearcutness statement is to set an aim (p. III-2). The aim is final chosen objective of the performance likely achieved by a high frequency of co rrect responses and low to zero frequency of incorrect responses. It is critical that learners learn to perform correct movements in a prompt, smooth and decisive manner. If the learner is having difficulty arrival aim, it may be necessary to change the way the movement is taught, change the learning channel or change the movement as indicated higher up as a step back, slick back or tool movement.The third step in implementing precision dogma is to count and teach (p. IV-1). This steps requires counting the correct and incorrect responses and teaching the task to the student (p. IV-1). A movement is learned when the learner knows what the correct and incorrect responses are. individually task will be counted and taught daily until the learner reaches aim or the learning picture reflects a need for change.The fourth step in implementing precision teaching is to develop a learning picture. Utilizing the Standard Celeration Chart, the charts displays the correct and incorrect respo nses provided daily by the learner (p. V-1). The trends of the chart develop the learning picture. The learning picture shows how quickly the responses are increasing or decreasing and predicts whether the learner will achieve aim.The final step in implementing precision teaching is to decide what to do (p. VI-1). Once a learning picture has been revealed, a decision can be made as to whether to rest the current program or make a change. If the learner is not learning or not learning quickly enough, it may be necessary to make changes to the movement (i.e. a slice back), the counting period (i.e. increase 10 seconds to 20 seconds), the learning channel set (i.e. see-write to see-say), the aim (i.e can be lowered), or how the task is taught (i.e. lessons, untimed answer).Precision Teaching in ResearchPrecision Teaching has been applied in a build of settings and environments. It has proven useful in improving fluency in learners of all ages and all learning abilities. Precision Te aching has been implemented in lord environments as well as schoolroom settings. In 2002, Binder analyze the fluency performance in a customer call nitty-gritty. subsequently attending a FluencyBuilding workshops, the manager and supervisors of customer service call center decided to modify their traditional new hire gentility program. They cerebrate on increasing fluency of the core fundamentals required to perform the job well. Within the fluency-based training, trainees were stipulation crush and tested on lecture material with a 2-minute quiz (see-mark), a 3-minute hear or see-say providing vocal responses to questions in addition to other fluency-based activities. Daily fluency goals for each exemplar were set and each trainees performance was monitored against those goals. Trainees recorded their own performance and account their performance to the training coaches.As a result of the fluency-based training, correct performances tripled each week and all participants performed within the fluent range. The participants mastered the core material much(prenominal) faster than in previous training programs and thus cut back the required training during from three weeks to two weeks. New hire trainees were much more fluent in the fundamental skills and knowledge than their veteran counterparts. The spectacular improvements within this program demonstrate that fluency-based programs to be successful in education, training and coaching programs involving all ages of participants within various skill sets.Precision Teaching applied within a classroom setting has proven to increase reading ability, maths skills, and improving academic interventions overall. Chiesa and Robertson (2000) utilized Precision Teaching and fluency-based training to enhance maths skills in five primary instruct children. The students were selected because their maths skills were not improving at the same pace as their peers. They were in jeopardy of being referred to a remed ial program. The training program focused on one observable behavior, the division of two-digit numbers by one-digit. Pre-tests were taken on both multiplication and division skills to determine each students skill level. The students were taught how to use digital timers, plot gain ground and understand learning pictures on the SCC. The students were responsible for completing their maths practice sheets without teacher instruction or assistance. The five students sat together as a group during the maths period and had a personal folder that contained the practice sheets, answer key and charts. They completed their practice sheets within a one-minute time probe, each completed sheet was marked by a peer and the correct and error scores were recorded on the SCC. distributively week one of the researchers met with the students during maths period while the teacher was working with the rest of the class. The researcher reviewed each students progress and hardened what changes would be taken. Students that met the aim, moved on to the next level, those who did not meet the aim were provided with skills that were further reduced, or sliced back until they were able to improve to a satisfactory level.At the conclusion of the 12-week training program, the PT group had importantly improved their fluency in the maths skills task. Their responses ranged from 10 to 15 correct in one-minute which was an increase of 10 to 15 responses per minute before the program was implemented. The PT group surpassed all but one of the students in the entire class on the maths skills task. The results show that children performing at a low academic level can improve their learning significantly through Precision Teaching and fluency training. The training program did not require any more time than the allotted maths period and did not provide more instructional assistance or fundamental interaction from the teacher. This shows that PT can be beneficial and effective in the mainstre am classroom and offers an alternative to expensive and time-consuming academic programs.Precision Teaching has proven to be effective in improving skills in participants with intellectual disabilities as well (Kubina, Morrison Lee, 2002). Schirmer et al. (2007) examined the effectiveness of precision teaching on teaching storytelling to child with autism. The child began working on a hear information-say story program for 10 minutes per day in order to increase the frequency of syllables used. The teacher would describe a scenario to the child and the child would create a story based on the information provided to him. After goals of increased syllable use were met, the teacher moved on a timed practice where the number of correct syllables produced in one minute was recorded. The number of corrects syllables produced increased from 21 per minute to 90 per minute in 5 days. In the polish phase, the teacher changed the childs learning channel from hear-say to see-say. The child wa s given a photograph and would create a story based on the photograph. Although there was an initial drop in the frequency of correct responses, the child reached the set aim very quickly.Precision Teaching and Practical ApplicationAs previous studies go shown, Precision Teaching can be applied in various learning environments with learners of diverse learning abilities. It is an instructional approach that can be applied to any established program or curricula. The main directive guiding success of the learners performance IS the learner. Fluency is key to the learners progress and any deficits in learning can be easy ascertained with the Standard Celeration Chart. This visual display allows the teacher to easily determine the learners progress and either continue with the program on course or make adjustments to program that are most beneficial to the learner. The SCC also helps teacher to predict future progress as to whether the learner will achieve aim or the number of incorre ct responses will reach 0. Studies have shown that Precision Teaching can be used in co-occurrence with other instructional programs and can be effectively applied in both professional and classroom settings without requiring additional time to perform the program in the workplace or classroom. Precision Teaching daily timings are recorded on the SCC but no other data is required. Also, it does not require management or teachers to provide additional instruction external of the program or curricula already in place. Its versatility in practical application makes Precision Teaching a favorable approach to utilize.ReferencesChiesa, M., Robertson, A. (2000). Precision teaching and fluency training Making maths easier for students and teachers. Educational Psychology in Practice, 16(3), 297310.Kubina, R. M., Morrison, R., and Lee, D. L. (2002). Benefits of Adding Precision Teaching to Behavioral Interventions for Students with Autism. Behavioral Interventions, 17, 233-246.Lindsley, O . R. (1971). From Skinner to precision teaching The child knows best. In J. B. Jordan L. S. Robbins (Eds.), Lets try doing something else kind of thing (pp. 1-11). Arlington, VA The Council for Exceptional Children.Lindsley, O. R. (1990) Precision teaching By teachers for children.Teaching Exceptional Children, 22, 10-15.McGreevy, P. (1983).Teaching and learning in plain English(2nd. ed.). Kansas City, MO Plain English Publications.Schirmer, K., Almon-Morris, H., Fabrizio, M. A., Abrahamson, B. and Chevalier, K. (2007). Using Precision Teaching to Teach humbug Telling to a Young Child with Autism. Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration, 23, 23-26.White, O. R. (1986). Precision TeachingPrecision learning.Exceptional Children, 25, 522-534.

the aztec and maya Essay -- essays research papers

The Aztec and Maya were both American Indian people. The Aztec were ruled by a mighty empire in Mexico during the 1400s and early 1500s. The Maya however, developed a vivid civilization in Central America and Southern Mexico. Both civilizations contri excepted a great deal to the modern world and invented items that are still use today.According to the Aztec Legend, the ancestors of the people who founded Tenochtitlan, came to the Valley of Mexico. The Aztec wandered for many years before remittal in the valley in 1200s. At starting line, they were subjects of people who lived in the area, but later, in the mid 1300s, the Aztec founded their own city, Tenochtitlan. By the early 1400s, Tenochtitlan had become a powerful city and controlled the region around it, nearly forming a city-state. Tenochtitlan became the around powerful member of the alliance with Texcoco and Tlacopan. It began to build up to what eventually became the Aztec empire. some years before the Aztec empire was created, the heart of the Maya civilization was also developing. The first farmers settled in the area of El Petn as early as 2500 BC, in search for fertile land for crops. By 800 BC, the Maya lowlands were completely settled. Just after this time, was the classic period, which lasted from 250 to 900 AD. During these years, the Maya founded their greatest cities and made their scarce achievements in the arts and sciences. The city of Teotihuacan had the strongest inf...

Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto Essay -- Communist Manifesto Essays

Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels formulates the basic concepts of Communism. corporate trust and reason can be used to excuse parts of this document. The Communist Manifesto has definite views dealing with faith, and along with this, piety. In the Manifesto, Marx states that religion is not needed in Communism because a partnership under Communism is democratic. Marx uses reason to exempt what allow happen to hostelry due to the materialism of the Industrial Revolution. Marx reasons how society will become classless under the rule of communism. The proletariat, defined as the lower working class, will take over the bourgeoisie, defined as the upper class, because of the difference in capital between the twain classes. The two classes clash because both atomic number 18 consumed with wants of material items and power but only the bourgeoisie has an abundance of these two items. The proletariat then revol ts to gain equality and thus society becomes classless. Faith and reason are themes used in the Communist Manifesto to explain the ideals and concepts of Communism. Marx perceives religion as gratuitous in communism. Marxs reaction toward religion is quite evident in just the second sentence totally the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to boot out this specter communism Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police-spies.1 Marx sees the Pope as an enemy therefore religion must be an enemy of Marxs. In the Manifesto, Marx even sarcastically comments on the Catholic religion by duty the lives of the Saints silly.2 This reflects some of Marxs views on religion that he displayed in the Manifesto. He has two main reasons ... ...o to explain his ideas of religion and society.Notes1. Marx, Karl, The Communist Manifesto. Sources from the Humanities bill and Religious Studies, 37.2. Marx, 56.3. Marx, 40.4. Mckown, Delos B, The Classical Marxist Critiques of Religion Marx, Engels, Lenin, Kautsky. Belgium Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1975, 58.5. Marx, 52.6. Janz, Denis R, World Christianity and Marxism. Oxford, NY Oxford University Press, 1998, 11.7. Janz, 118. Heimann, Eduard, indicate and Faith in Modern Society Liberalism, Marxism, and Democracy. Middletown, Connecticut Wesleyan University Press, 1961, 154.9. Miller, Alexander, The Christian Significance of Karl Marx. London Northumberland Press, 1946, 21.10. Marx, 40.11. Miller, 26.12. Miller, 27.13. Marx, 22-23.14. Marx, 28-29.

Ca Twiste a Popenguine :: essays research papers

Ca Twiste a Popenguine     It was hard to find symbolism in this dart since their socialisation was very colonialized. It seemed as though the culture was so European/American that the culture was g bingle. Even though it was hard, I was still able to find some cultural symbolisms.     The different groups of friends were whole different from each other. There was the group that cute to be frequent and get completely the girls with a party, and there was a group that had all the music records that the other needed. That was the group that was trying to make money as well. some(prenominal) parties also wanted girls. The position that these two groups had seemingly presented themselves as gangs shows how much they wanted to be apart from each other. The gangs symbolized the separatism of the youth. The look on to their separateness is that they really needed one another to get what they wanted. The one group needed music and the other group needed money. They cease up making a deal with each other, which was conspired by Bacc. The fact that they were able to come together exchangeable that symbolized that they really should be together.     Both of the groups had one very main thing in common. They both wanted girls. It seemed as though the girls in this film symbolized power. Girls made them feel split about themselves. Girls made them powerful.     Another sign of symbolism in this film was the pictures. It seemed as though the pictures inspired these people. They wanted to be just like the people in the pictures. The pictures symbolized the colonizer. The only colonizer in this film was the

My Utopian Society Essay -- My Vision for America

The Utopian land is divided into two main terrains tilth and cities. The farmlands, of course, are where most of the countrys resources are produced. The services of the economy, smithing, carpentry, clothmaking, etc., are mainly produced in the cities. Iron is the only resource which moldiness be imported abundantly. totally of the resources, except iron, that the nation requires, it produces on its own. The Utopians live a very frank lifestyle. They belong, and in their spare time play games, read, and socialize. Other forms of entertainment, such as gambling and hunting are looked down upon. They only eat what is necessary, and their houses are built simply and furnished only with what is necessary. Thus, their consumption is very low. Utopians do not need material possessions for happiness. Happiness for them comes out of living an serious life and holding hard to produce for themselves and for the entire nation. All Utopians work. thither are no rich pack, deadbeats, or other people who go through life not working. Most people prefer to work and live in the city, but the work on the farms must be done as well. So, in that location is a rotation everyone gets a maturate to live and work in the city, and then must live and work on a farm for period of time. Since everyone must do this, there is no complaining from anyone. They see working on the farm as fulfilling their duty to the nation. Because of the low consumption and the hard work put in by all people, the work day in Utopia is only six hours. They work only six hours a day, and still there are great surpluses. The surpluses are not uniform in each region, because umteen uncontrollable factors can affect production. Most regions make surpluses, but those that have s... ... with that. I believe that this society, at least the economic aspect of it, would be possible to attain. However, I believe it cannot happen with our entire world. More do a point by putting Utopia on an island in the essence of the unfeigned world there is no way to apply Utopia to the real word. In order to give a Utopia like this today, we must take very young children and raise them apart from society. If we do this and check them about the society we are trying to create, I believe their savvy will make the Utopia a lasting one. But if we try to create this Utopia over the whole Earth, we will fail miserably. The world is filled with billions of people who have been raised in our current society, and it is human nature to compel change. The economic post of Mores Utopia is possible, but only in a situation very close to the one in his book.

Birth Orders Effect on Personality Essay examples -- Birth Order Huma

Birth Orders Effect on Personality Birth-order could be one(a) focal point to gain an understanding of friends, family members and co-workers. Research has shown that the birth-order indeed has an effect on personality. Birth-order of course does not explain everything about human behavior, personality is too affected by many different factors such as heritage, the purlieu of the upbringing, family size, education etc. There are four basic classifications of birth-order the oldest, the only, the midriff and the youngest born. Each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The birth-order factor is not always exact, just it does give many clues about why people are the way they are (Leman, 1985). First-born children black market to be exaltedly motivated to achieve. In school, first-borns tend to work harder for grades than later-borns do. They often grow to be more competitive and receive higher educational and career goals. Of the first twenty-three astronaut s sent into outer(prenominal) space, twenty-one were first-borns or only children. Some characteristics of first-borns are goal setting, high achievers, perfectionist, responsible, organized, rule keepers, determined, detail orientated. Only children are considered as a specialized type of first-borns. They are generally characterized much the same as first-borns who beat siblings. Some famous first-borns include Mikhail Gorbachev (Russian leader), Jimmy Carter (president), Albert Einstein (scientist), Sally chew up (astronaut), and ...

Argument Against Eating Meat :: Vegetarianism, Persuasive, Argumentative

Argument Against have MeatMany state enduret believe think anything of what they eat or how it got there. exclusively the sharp truth is the meat that you eat was once a living, live beast that had feeling and emotions. Maybe next time you order a steak or chicken nuggets you should think about the animals that went by means of extreme inconvenience and conditions for you to eat. non only is it inhumane to put animals through such pain, non have meat and having a vegetarian lifestyle can have wide benefits to animals, the environment, and your health. put up you imagine going through the pain that animals in slaughterhouses went through? more or less people dont think of that part of it further the in truth fact is that billions of animals went through a painful life to be killed for nutrient e very year. Most people like to keep the purpose in there passings that these animals live on pretty green farms where they atomic number 18 enured gigantic and then hav e a very nonaggressive death, and neer feel any or little pain. Well that is not the case, these animals ar treated very unfairly. The animals in slaughterhouses ar given a broad amount of antibiotics, horm wholenesss, and drugs to keep them alive in conditions that are so hurtful they would otherwise kill them. Cows are natur tout ensembley very lull and calm creatures. These smart and sweet natured animals have been known to go to great lengths to escape slaughterhouses. More than forty-one million of these sensitive animals keep going and frighten away a painful death each year in the united States. When cows are still very young they are ruin with hot irons, there testicles are torn or stinger off, all without painkillers. Most beef cattle are born in one state, live in another, and are slaughtered in another. The cows who operate the pallid transportation process are shot in the head with a bolt gun, hung upside down by there legs, and interpreted onto the killin g floor where there throats are slit and they are skinned. some(a) of these beautiful animals remain fully conscious throughout the entire process.Argument Against Eating Meat Vegetarianism, Persuasive, ArgumentativeArgument Against Eating MeatMany people dont believe think anything of what they eat or how it got there. But the harsh truth is the meat that you eat was once a living, breathing creature that had feeling and emotions. Maybe next time you order a steak or chicken nuggets you should think about the animals that went through extreme pain and conditions for you to eat. Not only is it inhumane to put animals through such pain, not eating meat and having a vegetarian lifestyle can have huge benefits to animals, the environment, and your health. Can you imagine going through the pain that animals in slaughterhouses went through? Most people dont think of that part of it but the real fact is that billions of animals went through a painful life to be killed for food every ye ar. Most people like to keep the thought in there heads that these animals live on beautiful green farms where they are treated great and then have a very peaceful death, and never feel any or little pain. Well that is not the case, these animals are treated very unfairly. The animals in slaughterhouses are given a massive amount of antibiotics, hormones, and drugs to keep them alive in conditions that are so bad they would otherwise kill them. Cows are naturally very gentle and calm creatures. These smart and sweet natured animals have been known to go to great lengths to escape slaughterhouses. More than forty-one million of these sensitive animals suffer and die a painful death each year in the United States. When cows are still very young they are burned with hot irons, there testicles are torn or cut off, all without painkillers. Most beef cattle are born in one state, live in another, and are slaughtered in another. The cows who survive the gruesome transportation process are shot in the head with a bolt gun, hung upside down by there legs, and taken onto the killing floor where there throats are slit and they are skinned. Some of these beautiful animals remain fully conscious throughout the entire process.

Most Effective Form of Stretching :: essays research papers

The Ameri end College of Sports Medicine defined fitness in 1990 by stating that physical fitness is a set of attributes that people have or achieve. (Cited in Dalgleish et al 2001)This set of attributes can be further defined as cardiovascular fitness, muscular heroism, muscle strength, muscle endurance, motor skills and flexibility.Cardiovascular fitness involves the centerfield and lungs supplying the required volume of oxygen to the working muscles.Muscular endurance is the number of contractions or the length of term a muscle can contract before fatigue occurs.Muscle strength is the maximum get along of force a muscle can generate in integrity contraction.Motor skills is a general term, which covers co-ordination, speed, balance and power.Flexibility is the range of gesticulate (ROM) in a joint or in a series of joints. Flexibility is improved by stretching connective tissues, muscles and other flocculent tissue around a joint. Stretching exercises can be divide into different categories depending on the way the muscles and surrounding tissues are stretched. These compliances of stretching are static stretching, dynamic stretching, ballistic stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). This proclaim will define why athletes stretch and review current literature on each form of stretching and conclude from research which form is the most effective form of stretching.BENEFITS OF STRETCHINGStretching in period of play was only used to warm athletes up before an event and calm them down after the event. Stretching was not used as a part of an athletes training programme until the benefits of stretching were recognised. Sigerseth (1971 cited in Elliot & Mester 1999) suggested that handy performances could be improved by increasing the ROM around various joints. feat can be improved due to stretching in common chord ways.If range of motion is increased especially in throwing and racquet sports, to a greater extent force or velocity can be produced. This is possible as this increases in ROM allows the throwing distance to increase and longer period of time in which force can be produced. This results in the speed of the racquet, flit or object being increased, which allows a more powerful, throw, kick or hit to occur. Examples of sports where this occurs is tennis, cricket, baseball and golf. Jobe and Moynes (1986 cited in Elliot and Mester 1999) Studied golfers and found that the higher skilled golfers had twice the range of trunk rotation compared to golfers of lesser skill.Athletes who compete in sports where performance is judged on the aesthetics

United States and South Korea Policies Essay -- Foreign Policy

The United States (US) and the Republic of southerly Korea (ROK) has had some(prenominal) significant polity agreements and disagreements between each other for several decades after the Korean War. During President George W. Bushs tenure in gainice at the White House, a couple key policy agreements between the US and ROK came to light, such as President Kim Dae Jungs sunshine Policy1 officially known as the Policy of Reconciliation and Cooperation toward North Korea. The fair weather Policy did not fare to well with Bushs system and they considered Kim nave and completely annullight-emitting diode the Policy all together. This was due to the ROKs unresisting stance on North Koreas ongoing nuclear program.The ennoble of The sunniness Policy originates from a fable told by Aesop called, The North revolve and the Sun2. This fable is how the sun and the wind competed with each other to take off a mans coat. Eventually, the sun won this challenge by just using his sunlight on the man, caused the man to become hot, which resulted in him taking off his coat. On the other hand, the wind used his beast force in an attempt to blow off the mans coat, which only had him hold on to it tighter. This analogy was to compare the hard and patrician firees of power to counter the North Korean threat to the ROK and the rest of the world. Kim led the way to culminate and drive the ROK towards a bilateral forum between North and South Korea, which eventually held place in Pyongyang in 2000 between the two leaders of the Korean peninsula. The policy bears six characteristics to be used accordingly with North Korea3 1. First it is a policy with diachronic precedence in its favor. Policies that attempted to utilize a hard approach in seceding authoritarian... ...a/1999/reunification22.html Assessed May 11, 2012. Syner, Scott A. South Koreas Roh Moo hyun An Impossible Idealist. Council of orthogonal Relations, May 23, 2009. Web http//www.cfr.org/south -korea/south-koreas-roh-moo-hyun-impossible-idealist/p19487 Assessed May 6, 2012.United States Institute of Peace. Six-Party Talks define a Roadmap for Success. Web http//www.usip.org/publications/six-party-talks-defining-realistic-roadmap-success Assessed May 10, 2012. Wald, Mary. Kim Dae Jung A Hero for Peace. Huff have a bun in the oven World, August 18, 2009. Web http//www.huffingtonpost.com/mary-wald/kim-dae-jung-a-hero-for-p_b_262296.html Assessed May 10, 2012. Yang, Sung Chul. South Koreas Sunshine Policy. Asiansociety.org, December 4, 2000. Web http//unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan005966.pdf Assessed May 7, 2012.

Perhaps Too Much Make Up :: Personal Narrative Writing

Perhaps Too Much Make Up The opposite day I went out with a couple of friends, both students and lag members of the Middlebury community, to eat dinner at the Panda House, a small Chinese restaurant in the town of Middlebury. As we were all sitting at the Chinese restaurant, waiting for the waitress to come and take our orders, we suddenly find that I was the only guy at the table. Lately, this has been the topic of many of my conversations. Furthermore, this has been the fiction of my life, for everywhere I go, every step I take, there arrive at always been girls along the way. A couple of Pepsis later, the waitress approached us, officious to take our orders, and the seven year hoar sitting next to me jumped up from her seat and said to the waitress, you know, he examines like a girl, but he is a boy. At the sound of this, I must say that I grew a bit nervous since her voice carried out into the room qualification everyone turn towards her and turn back to their business. We merely laughed and after a a few(prenominal) seconds continued ordering our food. This incident reminded me of another one where coincidentally, the same hatful who were at the restaurant were also present. That time, the same seven year old took one good look at me and asked, why do you look like a girl? Astounded at her question, I simply laughed and went about my business. I wish I would have had an answer for the teensy seven year old, who was asking questions I have never been asked before. respectable recently I read an article on androgyny authorise Here be Dragons, by James Baldwin, and it helped me sort out nigh of my personal issues pertaining to the questions and comments that were generated by the seven year old.As a zippy man of color who embodies femininity, whatever that may be, I have been confront with questions and comments like that of the seven year old. Living in Middlebury in the state of matter of Vermont, I have realized that embodying femininity has become the biggest issue in my life. As I walkway around swinging my hips to the beat of my mp3 player, I see how different people perceive me to be. My scandalous voice and walk tantalizes the walkways on my way to class.

Vincent van Gogh Essay -- Artists Art Biography Artist Gogh Essays

Vincent vanguard van van GoghIn present time, Vincent van Gogh is probably the most widely known and highly comprehended person of postimpressionism. During his brief lifetime, Vincents bend went almost unknown to this world. His mildew now hangs in countless museums throughout the world and is considered priceless. His work became an beta bridge between the 19th and 20th centuries.The art-historical term, Postimpressionism was coined by Roger Fry a British art critic, who described the various styles of painting that flourished during the period from active 1880 to 1910 (Britannica). It was generally used for a convenient way to group unitedly the generation of artists who sought new forms of expression during a pictorial rotary motion wrought by impressionism. Among these figures were Piere Bonnard, Paul Cenanne, Paul Gauglin, Odilon Redon, George Seurat, Henri de Toulouse- Lautrec, and of course Vincent van Gogh (Britannica).Van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in the vic arage of Zundert in Barbant (Burra). His father was a soft-spoken Dutch clergyman. The only intimacy Van Gogh got from his father, was the desire to be involved in the family church. eventide at an early age, Vincent showed artistic talent but neither he nor his parents imagined that painting would take him where it did later in life. One of his first jobs came at the age of sixteen, as an art dealers assistant. He went to work for Goupil and Company, an art gallery where an uncle had been working for some time. Three of his fathers brothers were art dealers, and he was christened after the most distinguished of his uncles, who was manager of the Hague emergence of the famous Goupil Galleries (Meier-Graefe). His parents were poor, so his rich uncle offered to take him ... ... the 20th century fashion in romanticized psychological biography. Who knows of how many other great paintings he could bring completed in the following years. Although his life was cut short, Vincent van Gogh has since been recognized as one of the great geniuses of modern art. He was distinctly one of the greatest postimpressionism painters of all time.Works CitedAuden, W.H. Van Gogh A self-portrait Letter Revealing his Life as a Painter. Marlowe and Company new(a) YorkBritannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2008. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 9 Mar. 2008 .Burra, Peter Van Gogh, New York collier Books 1962Meier-Graefe, Julius Vincent Van Gogh A Biography. Courier Dover Publications 1987 New York. Sweetman, David. The do of Many Things A Life of Vincent Van Gogh. London Hodder and Stoughton, 1990.

Fashion in 60s Essay -- essays research papers

If you olfaction back finished the past sixty age of work, you may notice a pattern. People may say that the true years of fashion began in the of late nineteen forties and went on through the archaean nineteen sixties. If you look at fashion today, its almost recurrent the look from sixty years ago. In each generation fashion trends become based on history and/or important events. in the nineteen forties fashion was being modeled by the armed services wear. World War II caused a drastic change in the way clothes were being do and worn. In the nineteen fifties Ameri gits admired the fashion of movie stars and music artists. Media had a strong enamour on the wordly trend. The people of the sixties expressed on that point personalities and emotions through there attire. They wanted to look independent. By looking at these three generations, we can reflect on how fashion today maybe repeating itself. It is visionary to discuss fashion of the forties without first understa nding the tremendous jolt World War II had on everyday life during the early part of the decade. World War II changed the world of fashion forever. heavy restrictions were imposed on the apperal industry by the government (Keogh). For men the betrothed silhoutte, with padded shoulders and a narrow waist and hips, were essentially frozen until the late nineteen forties (Keogh). Women were forced to recycle there clothing, or book them down to other women when the clothing was not being used for example, the espousal dress, It was a way of conserving fabrics(Thomas). Most fabrics at the time were purchased " ready made". This meant that the fabrics were already sewn together to be worn. In some areas where mark fabrics could not be purchsed or blockades prevented shipments. Women would use the art of sewing, or making there own clothing by putting fabrics together. This was a more than detailed but less expensive way to get clothing (Thomas). The fabrics for clothing du ring the time of war that were being worn were very dull. Because of the cast down times women and men simplified there clothing. Fabrics were available mostly as solid colors, stripes, and plaids (Thomas). In an effort to comply with the restrictions imposed on them, American designers created a new style of suits for women. Skirts were short and straight topped by short jackets of twenty-five inches or less in length. Cardigans match... ...hen women tried to look like men, now in the sixties men had long vibrissa and almost looked like women. The 60s were a time of change and challenge. They brought hippies, space age, kinship group music, and the Beatles. Womens skirts got shorter, mens hair got longer, and everyone talked about love. The 60s was characterized by the feeling that a take to the woods with the past had been achieved. Clothes, furniture, and products all looked newer, brighter, and more fun. The swinging 60s were at their height. Fashion in the 60s tended to en courage exhibitionism.      Music and Media played a big role in fashion. Mary Quant was the fashion designer and entrepreneur responsible for the "London aim" of the 60s. A music group named the Beatles was a reason why capital of the United Kingdom fashion became the new rage. Women and men adored the look for there favourite music group. The London look consisted of She was the inventor of the min-skirt and hot pantsShe proclaimed " technical taste is death, vulgarity is life" and summarized the fashion of the 60s as "arrogant, aggressive and sexy." Although she is lock away designing today, she is largely known for her 60s creations.